Microbiota Alterations in Patients Treated for Susceptible or Drug-resistant TB

Overview

Journal IJTLD Open

Date 2024 Aug 12

PMID 39131591

Authors

M Hauptmann

B Kalsdorf

J E Akoh-Arrey

C Lange

U E Schaible

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: We investigated alterations of human microbiota under anti-TB therapies in relationship to the level of drug response.

Methods: Stool, sputum, and oral swab samples were analysed from participants with treatment-naïve TB and participants treated for drug-susceptible TB (DS-TB), drug-resistant TB without injectable drugs (DR-TB-inj-), or with injectable drugs (DR-TB-inj+) at 27-42 days of therapy.

Results: From September 2018 to December 2019, 5 participants with treatment-naïve TB, 6 participants with DS-TB, 10 participants with DR-TB-inj-, and 4 participants with DR-TB-inj+ were recruited. Reduced alpha diversities in stool samples indicated more profound dysbiosis in participants treated for DR-TB than in participants treated for DS-TB (-12% (non-significant) for DS-TB, -44% ( < 0.001) for DR-TB-inj-, and -60% ( < 0.05) for DR-TB-inj+ compared to treatment-naïve participants). While reduced abundances were observed in numerous taxa, genus revealed the most substantial abundance increase in sputa of participants treated for DR-TB compared to treatment-naïve ones ( < 0.05 for DR-TB-inj- and DR-TB-inj+). Notably, a group of nosocomial pneumonia-associated taxa was increased in oral swabs of the DR-TB-inj+ compared to the treatment-naïve group ( < 0.05).

Conclusions: Second-line anti-TB therapy in participants with DR-TB results in altered microbiota, including reduced alpha diversity and expansion of phylogenetically diverse taxa, including pathobionts.

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