Prevalence of Dental Abnormalities, Soft Tissue Pathologies and Occlusion Disorders in Patients with High BMI: A Cross-sectional Study

Overview

Journal Oral Health Prev Dent

Date 2024 Aug 6

PMID 39105314

Authors

Amal Adnan Ashour

Ali Abdullah Alqarni

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Purpose: The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and oral disorders remains unclear. This study examined the prevalence and types of dental abnormalities and oral mucosal lesions among female students with obesity attending a Taif University sports centre.

Materials And Methods: This non-interventional cross-sectional study enrolled female students with high BMI from a university sports facility using a convivence sampling method. The participants were divided into three BMI groups. Data were collected using an interview and by clinical oral examination. Prevalence and oral disorder types and possible mechanisms linking BMI and dental development were evaluated.

Results: Ultimately, 86 female students with obesity were analysed. The mean BMI was 42.8 kg/m2, indicating high obesity levels. A weak although statistically significant correlation was observed between age and BMI (r=0.27), indicating that older students had higher BMI. A statistically significant association was observed between BMI and dental abnormalities (p0.05). The dental abnormality prevalence increased with BMI, ranging from 37.5% to 40.7% in the ≤40 and >45 kg/m2 groups, respectively. Most participants (66.3%) had oral mucosal lesions, with the highest prevalence among participants in the 40-45 kg/m2 group (71.4%).

Conclusion: A statistically significant relationship was observed between BMI and dental abnormalities; obesity may negatively affect oral health.

References

Howe L, Kanayalal R, Harrison S, Beaumont R, Davies A, Frayling T . Effects of body mass index on relationship status, social contact and socio-economic position: Mendelian randomization and within-sibling study in UK Biobank. Int J Epidemiol. 2019; 49(4):1173-1184. PMC: 7750981. DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyz240. View

Seum T, Meyrose A, Rabel M, Schienkiewitz A, Ravens-Sieberer U . Pathways of Parental Education on Children's and Adolescent's Body Mass Index: The Mediating Roles of Behavioral and Psychological Factors. Front Public Health. 2022; 10:763789. PMC: 8936576. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.763789. View

Lagana G, Venza N, Borzabadi-Farahani A, Fabi F, Danesi C, Cozza P . Dental anomalies: prevalence and associations between them in a large sample of non-orthodontic subjects, a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health. 2017; 17(1):62. PMC: 5346249. DOI: 10.1186/s12903-017-0352-y. View

Ashi H, Campus G, Forslund H, Hafiz W, Ahmed N, Lingstrom P . The Influence of Sweet Taste Perception on Dietary Intake in Relation to Dental Caries and BMI in Saudi Arabian Schoolchildren. Int J Dent. 2017; 2017:4262053. PMC: 5585662. DOI: 10.1155/2017/4262053. View

Issrani R, Reddy J, Bader A, Albalawi R, Alserhani E, Alruwaili D . Exploring an Association between Body Mass Index and Oral Health-A Scoping Review. Diagnostics (Basel). 2023; 13(5). PMC: 10000970. DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13050902. View

Al-Ansari A, Nazir M . Relationship between Obesity and Dental Caries in Saudi Male Adolescents. Int J Dent. 2020; 2020:8811974. PMC: 7568135. DOI: 10.1155/2020/8811974. View

Wahabi H, Fayed A, Shata Z, Esmaeil S, Alzeidan R, Saeed E . The Impact of Age, Gender, Temporality, and Geographical Region on the Prevalence of Obesity and Overweight in Saudi Arabia: Scope of Evidence. Healthcare (Basel). 2023; 11(8). PMC: 10137821. DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11081143. View

Roa I, Del Sol M . Obesity, salivary glands and oral pathology. Colomb Med (Cali). 2019; 49(4):280-287. PMC: 6342082. DOI: 10.25100/cm.v49i3.3919. View

Slade G, Spencer A . Development and evaluation of the Oral Health Impact Profile. Community Dent Health. 1994; 11(1):3-11. View

10.

Al-Nuaim A, Bamgboye E, Al-Rubeaan K, Al-Mazrou Y . Overweight and obesity in Saudi Arabian adult population, role of socio-demographic variables. J Community Health. 1997; 22(3):211-23. DOI: 10.1023/a:1025177108996. View

11.

Al-Nuaim A, Al-Rubeaan K, Al-Mazrou Y, Al-Attas O, Al-Daghari N, Khoja T . High prevalence of overweight and obesity in Saudi Arabia. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1996; 20(6):547-52. View

12.

Alqahtani N, Algowaifly M, Almehizia F, AlRaddadi Z, Al-Sehaibany F, Almosa N . The characteristics of dental occlusion in patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J. 2018; 39(9):928-934. PMC: 6200999. DOI: 10.15537/smj.2018.9.22750. View

13.

Alrayyes S, Alruwaili H, Taher I, Elrahawy K, Almaeen A, Ashekhi A . Oral Candidal carriage and associated risk indicators among adults in Sakaka, Saudi Arabia. BMC Oral Health. 2019; 19(1):86. PMC: 6530046. DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0775-8. View

14.

Alshammari A, Siddiqui A, Al Shammary N, Malik Y, Alam M . Assessment of Perception and Barriers toward Orthodontic Treatment Needs in the Saudi Arabian Adult Population. Healthcare (Basel). 2022; 10(12). PMC: 9778656. DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10122488. View

15.

Al Daajani M, Al-Habib D, Ibrahim M, Al Shewear N, Fagihi Y, Alzaher A . Prevalence of Health Problems Targeted by the National School-Based Screening Program among Primary School Students in Saudi Arabia, 2019. Healthcare (Basel). 2021; 9(10). PMC: 8544408. DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9101310. View

16.

Alam B, Abbasi N, Hussain T, Khan M, Ghafoor Chaudhary M, Ijaz F . Relationship of BMI with the diet, physical activity and oral hygiene practices amongst the dental students. BMC Oral Health. 2022; 22(1):311. PMC: 9330987. DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02318-8. View

17.

Sadeghianrizi A, Forsberg C, Marcus C, Dahllof G . Craniofacial development in obese adolescents. Eur J Orthod. 2005; 27(6):550-5. DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cji048. View

18.

Almubark R, Alqahtani S . Epidemiology of obesity and control interventions in Saudi Arabia. East Mediterr Health J. 2024; 29(12):987-994. DOI: 10.26719/emhj.23.086. View

19.

Alshaikh A, Alqahtani A, A AlShehri F, Al Hadi A, Alqahtani M, Alshahrani O . Examining the Impact of Socioeconomic Factors and Lifestyle Habits on Obesity Prevalence Among Male and Female Adolescent Students in Asser, Saudi Arabia. Cureus. 2023; 15(8):e43918. PMC: 10512758. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43918. View

20.

Jain V, Mahajan R, Rathi S, Biyani V, Ninama K, Marfatia Y . Oral Mucosal Lesions - A Study of 369 Cases. Indian Dermatol Online J. 2023; 14(2):213-220. PMC: 10115344. DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_203_22. View