Predicting the Occurrence of In-season Groin Pain in Male High School Soccer Players: a Cohort Study

Overview

Journal J Phys Ther Sci

Date 2024 Aug 2

PMID 39092415

Authors

Kazuki Fujisaki

Daiki Yokoyama

Masato Yokoyama

Tomohiro Otani

Kento Seino

Toby Hall

Kiyokazu Akasaka

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

[Purpose] This study investigated whether pre-season HAGOS (Japanese Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Scores) and eccentric muscle strength of the hip muscles predict in-season groin pain incidences in high school soccer players. [Participants and Methods] This study had a cohort design. The participants were male high school players under 18 years playing in the Japan Soccer League, which is an elite-level soccer league of that age category in Japan. The HAGOS and the strength of hip abductor and adductor muscles in eccentric contraction were measured before the season, and hip and groin pain incidences were recorded during the season. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the factors derived from the pre-season HAGOS and hip muscle strength tests, presumably pertaining to the development of in-season groin pain. [Results] The eccentric adductor muscle strength of the dominant leg and the HAGOS were selected as factors associated with groin pain during the season. [Conclusion] Low pre-season HAGOS and weak dominant-leg eccentric adductor muscle strength were suggested as factors to predict in-season groin pain occurrence in male high school soccer players.

References

DeLang M, Garrison J, Hannon J, McGovern R, Christoforetti J, Thorborg K . Short and long lever adductor squeeze strength values in 100 elite youth soccer players: Does age and previous groin pain matter?. Phys Ther Sport. 2020; 46:243-248. DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2020.10.001. View

Thorborg K, Serner A, Petersen J, Madsen T, Magnusson P, Holmich P . Hip adduction and abduction strength profiles in elite soccer players: implications for clinical evaluation of hip adductor muscle recovery after injury. Am J Sports Med. 2010; 39(1):121-6. DOI: 10.1177/0363546510378081. View

Fujisaki K, Akasaka K, Otsudo T, Hattori H, Hasebe Y, Hall T . Effects of a Groin Pain Prevention Program in Male High School Soccer Players: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2022; 17(5):841-850. PMC: 9340824. DOI: 10.26603/001c.36631. View

Weir A, Brukner P, Delahunt E, Ekstrand J, Griffin D, Khan K . Doha agreement meeting on terminology and definitions in groin pain in athletes. Br J Sports Med. 2015; 49(12):768-74. PMC: 4484366. DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-094869. View

Thorborg K, Holmich P, Christensen R, Petersen J, Roos E . The Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS): development and validation according to the COSMIN checklist. Br J Sports Med. 2011; 45(6):478-91. DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2010.080937. View

Thorborg K, Rathleff M, Petersen P, Branci S, Holmich P . Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub-elite male football: a cross-sectional cohort study of 695 players. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2015; 27(1):107-114. DOI: 10.1111/sms.12623. View

Mosler A, Weir A, Eirale C, Farooq A, Thorborg K, Whiteley R . Epidemiology of time loss groin injuries in a men's professional football league: a 2-year prospective study of 17 clubs and 606 players. Br J Sports Med. 2017; 52(5):292-297. DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-097277. View

Charnock B, Lewis C, Garrett Jr W, Queen R . Adductor longus mechanics during the maximal effort soccer kick. Sports Biomech. 2009; 8(3):223-34. DOI: 10.1080/14763140903229500. View

Serner A, Mosler A, Tol J, Bahr R, Weir A . Mechanisms of acute adductor longus injuries in male football players: a systematic visual video analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2018; 53(3):158-164. DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-099246. View

10.

Bourne M, Williams M, Jackson J, Williams K, Timmins R, Pizzari T . Preseason Hip/Groin Strength and HAGOS Scores Are Associated With Subsequent Injury in Professional Male Soccer Players. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2019; 50(5):234-242. DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2020.9022. View

11.

Engebretsen A, Myklebust G, Holme I, Engebretsen L, Bahr R . Intrinsic risk factors for groin injuries among male soccer players: a prospective cohort study. Am J Sports Med. 2010; 38(10):2051-7. DOI: 10.1177/0363546510375544. View

12.

Haroy J, Clarsen B, Wiger E, Oyen M, Serner A, Thorborg K . The Adductor Strengthening Programme prevents groin problems among male football players: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Br J Sports Med. 2018; 53(3):150-157. DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-098937. View

13.

Werner J, Hagglund M, Walden M, Ekstrand J . UEFA injury study: a prospective study of hip and groin injuries in professional football over seven consecutive seasons. Br J Sports Med. 2009; 43(13):1036-40. DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2009.066944. View

14.

Groth D, Hartmann S, Klie S, Selbig J . Principal components analysis. Methods Mol Biol. 2012; 930:527-47. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-059-5_22. View

15.

Mosler A, Agricola R, Thorborg K, Weir A, Whiteley R, Crossley K . Is Bony Hip Morphology Associated With Range of Motion and Strength in Asymptomatic Male Soccer Players?. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2018; 48(4):250-259. DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2018.7848. View

16.

Schoffl J, Dooley K, Miller P, Miller J, Snodgrass S . Factors Associated with Hip and Groin Pain in Elite Youth Football Players: A Cohort Study. Sports Med Open. 2021; 7(1):97. PMC: 8685189. DOI: 10.1186/s40798-021-00392-w. View

17.

Brophy R, Backus S, Pansy B, Lyman S, Williams R . Lower extremity muscle activation and alignment during the soccer instep and side-foot kicks. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2007; 37(5):260-8. DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2007.2255. View

18.

Weir A, Jansen J, van Keulen J, Mens J, Backx F, Stam H . Short and mid-term results of a comprehensive treatment program for longstanding adductor-related groin pain in athletes: a case series. Phys Ther Sport. 2010; 11(3):99-103. DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2010.06.006. View

19.

Thorborg K, Couppe C, Petersen J, Magnusson S, Holmich P . Eccentric hip adduction and abduction strength in elite soccer players and matched controls: a cross-sectional study. Br J Sports Med. 2009; 45(1):10-3. DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2009.061762. View

20.

Thorborg K, Branci S, Stensbirk F, Jensen J, Holmich P . Copenhagen hip and groin outcome score (HAGOS) in male soccer: reference values for hip and groin injury-free players. Br J Sports Med. 2013; 48(7):557-9. DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-092607. View