Interaction of Bisphenol A and Its Analogs with Estrogen and Androgen Receptor from Atlantic Cod ()

Overview

Journal Environ Sci Technol

Publisher American Chemical Society

Specialty Environmental Health

Date 2024 Aug 1

PMID 39087390

Authors

Siri Ofsthus Gokso Yr

Fekadu Yadetie

Christine Tveiten Johansen

Rhian Gaenor Jacobsen

Roger Lille-Lango Y

Anders Gokso Yr

Odd Andre Karlsen

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The widespread use of bisphenol A (BPA) in polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins has made it a prevalent environmental pollutant in aquatic ecosystems. BPA poses a significant threat to marine and freshwater wildlife due to its documented endocrine-disrupting effects on various species. Manufacturers are increasingly turning to other bisphenol compounds as supposedly safer alternatives. In this study, we employed reporter gene assays and precision-cut liver slices from Atlantic cod () to investigate whether BPA and 11 BPA analogs exhibit estrogenic, antiestrogenic, androgenic, or antiandrogenic effects by influencing estrogen or androgen receptor signaling pathways. Most bisphenols, including BPA, displayed estrogenic properties by activating the Atlantic cod estrogen receptor alpha (gmEra). BPB, BPE, and BPF exhibited efficacy similar to or higher than that of BPA, with BPB and BPAF being more potent agonists. Additionally, some bisphenols, like BPG, induced estrogenic effects in liver slices despite not activating gmEra , suggesting structural modifications by hepatic biotransformation enzymes. While only BPC2 and BPAF activated the Atlantic cod androgen receptor alpha (gmAra), several bisphenols exhibited antiandrogenic effects by inhibiting gmAra activity. This study underscores the endocrine-disrupting impact of bisphenols on aquatic organisms, emphasizing that substitutes for BPA may pose equal or greater risks to both the environment and human health.

Citing Articles

Transcriptome analysis reveals effects of ethynylestradiol and bisphenol A on multiple endocrine and metabolic pathways in the pituitary and liver of female Atlantic cod ().

Yadetie F, Zhang X, Reboa A, Noally G, Eilertsen M, Fleming M Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2025; 15:1491432.

PMID: 39931438 PMC: 11808150. DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1491432.

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