Highly Homologous Simian T-cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Genome in Japanese Macaques: a Large Cohort Study

Overview

Journal Virol J

Publisher Biomed Central

Specialty Microbiology

Date 2024 Jul 30

PMID 39080643

Authors

Kou Hiraga

Tomoya Kitamura

Madoka Kuramitsu

Megumi Murata

Kenta Tezuka

Kazu Okuma

Isao Hamaguchi

Hirofumi Akari

Takuo Mizukami

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Simian T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (STLV-1) is a retrovirus closely related to human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), the causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). It has been shown that Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata, JMs) are one of the main hosts of STLV-1 and that a high percentage of JMs (up to 60%) are infected with STLV-1; however, the molecular epidemiology of STLV-1 in JMs has not been examined.

Methods: In this study, we analyzed full-length STLV-1 genome sequences obtained from 5 independent troops including a total of 68 JMs.

Results: The overall nucleotide heterogeneity was 4.7%, and the heterogeneity among the troops was 2.1%, irrespective of the formation of distinct subclusters in each troop. Moreover, the heterogeneity within each troop was extremely low (>99% genome homology) compared with cases of STLV-1 in African non-human primates as well as humans. It was previously reported that frequent G-to-A single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) occur in HTLV-1 proviral genomes in both ATL patients and HTLV-1 carriers, and that a G-to-A hypermutation is associated with the cellular antiviral restriction factor, Apobec3G. Surprisingly, these SNVs were scarcely observed in the STLV-1 genomes in JMs.

Conclusions: Taken together, these results indicate that STLV-1 genomes in JMs are highly homologous, at least in part due to the lack of Apobec3G-dependent G-to-A hypermutation.

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