Reliability of Brain Metrics Derived from a Time-Domain Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy System

Overview

Journal Sci Rep

Specialty Science

Date 2024 Jul 30

PMID 39080458

Authors

Julien DuBois

Ryan M Field

Sami Jawhar

Erin M Koch

Zahra M Aghajan

Naomi Miller

Katherine L Perdue

Moriah Taylor

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

With the growing interest in establishing brain-based biomarkers for precision medicine, there is a need for noninvasive, scalable neuroimaging devices that yield valid and reliable metrics. Kernel's second-generation Flow2 Time-Domain Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (TD-fNIRS) system meets the requirements of noninvasive and scalable neuroimaging, and uses a validated modality to measure brain function. In this work, we investigate the test-retest reliability (TRR) of a set of metrics derived from the Flow2 recordings. We adopted a repeated-measures design with 49 healthy participants, and quantified TRR over multiple time points and different headsets-in different experimental conditions including a resting state, a sensory, and a cognitive task. Results demonstrated high reliability in resting state features including hemoglobin concentrations, head tissue light attenuation, amplitude of low frequency fluctuations, and functional connectivity. Additionally, passive auditory and Go/No-Go inhibitory control tasks each exhibited similar activation patterns across days. Notably, areas with the highest reliability were in auditory regions during the auditory task, and right prefrontal regions during the Go/No-Go task, consistent with prior literature. This study underscores the reliability of Flow2-derived metrics, supporting its potential to actualize the vision of using brain-based biomarkers for diagnosis, treatment selection and treatment monitoring of neuropsychiatric and neurocognitive disorders.

References

Finn E, Scheinost D, Finn D, Shen X, Papademetris X, Constable R . Can brain state be manipulated to emphasize individual differences in functional connectivity?. Neuroimage. 2017; 160:140-151. PMC: 8808247. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.03.064. View

Zohdi H, Scholkmann F, Wolf U . Frontal cerebral oxygenation asymmetry: intersubject variability and dependence on systemic physiology, season, and time of day. Neurophotonics. 2020; 7(2):025006. PMC: 7310879. DOI: 10.1117/1.NPh.7.2.025006. View

Noble S, Scheinost D, Constable R . A guide to the measurement and interpretation of fMRI test-retest reliability. Curr Opin Behav Sci. 2021; 40:27-32. PMC: 7875178. DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2020.12.012. View

Rubia K, Russell T, Overmeyer S, Brammer M, Bullmore E, Sharma T . Mapping motor inhibition: conjunctive brain activations across different versions of go/no-go and stop tasks. Neuroimage. 2001; 13(2):250-61. DOI: 10.1006/nimg.2000.0685. View

White N, Forsyth B, Lee A, Machado L . Repeated computerized cognitive testing: Performance shifts and test-retest reliability in healthy young adults. Psychol Assess. 2017; 30(4):539-549. DOI: 10.1037/pas0000503. View

Ortega-Martinez A, Rogers D, Anderson J, Farzam P, Gao Y, Zimmermann B . How much do time-domain functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) moments improve estimation of brain activity over traditional fNIRS?. Neurophotonics. 2022; 10(1):013504. PMC: 9587749. DOI: 10.1117/1.NPh.10.1.013504. View

Li R, Hosseini H, Saggar M, Balters S, Reiss A . Current opinions on the present and future use of functional near-infrared spectroscopy in psychiatry. Neurophotonics. 2023; 10(1):013505. PMC: 9904322. DOI: 10.1117/1.NPh.10.1.013505. View

Song J, Desphande A, Meier T, Tudorascu D, Vergun S, Nair V . Age-related differences in test-retest reliability in resting-state brain functional connectivity. PLoS One. 2012; 7(12):e49847. PMC: 3515585. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049847. View

Ban H, Barrett G, Borisevich A, Chaturvedi A, Dahle J, Dehghani H . Kernel Flow: a high channel count scalable time-domain functional near-infrared spectroscopy system. J Biomed Opt. 2022; 27(7). PMC: 8765296. DOI: 10.1117/1.JBO.27.7.074710. View

10.

Tozzi L, Fleming S, Taylor Z, Raterink C, Williams L . Test-retest reliability of the human functional connectome over consecutive days: identifying highly reliable portions and assessing the impact of methodological choices. Netw Neurosci. 2021; 4(3):925-945. PMC: 7888485. DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00148. View

11.

Elliott M, Knodt A, Hariri A . Striving toward translation: strategies for reliable fMRI measurement. Trends Cogn Sci. 2021; 25(9):776-787. PMC: 8363569. DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2021.05.008. View

12.

Cordes D, Haughton V, Arfanakis K, Carew J, Turski P, Moritz C . Frequencies contributing to functional connectivity in the cerebral cortex in "resting-state" data. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2001; 22(7):1326-33. PMC: 7975218. View

13.

Vanderwal T, Kelly C, Eilbott J, Mayes L, Castellanos F . Inscapes: A movie paradigm to improve compliance in functional magnetic resonance imaging. Neuroimage. 2015; 122:222-32. PMC: 4618190. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.07.069. View

14.

Simmonds D, Pekar J, Mostofsky S . Meta-analysis of Go/No-go tasks demonstrating that fMRI activation associated with response inhibition is task-dependent. Neuropsychologia. 2007; 46(1):224-32. PMC: 2327217. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.07.015. View

15.

Compere L, Siegle G, Young K . Importance of test-retest reliability for promoting fMRI based screening and interventions in major depressive disorder. Transl Psychiatry. 2021; 11(1):387. PMC: 8272717. DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01507-3. View

16.

Chiarelli A, Low K, Maclin E, Fletcher M, Kong T, Zimmerman B . The Optical Effective Attenuation Coefficient as an Informative Measure of Brain Health in Aging. Photonics. 2020; 6(3). PMC: 7202715. DOI: 10.3390/photonics6030079. View

17.

Ewing J . Detecting alcoholism. The CAGE questionnaire. JAMA. 1984; 252(14):1905-7. DOI: 10.1001/jama.252.14.1905. View

18.

Somandepalli K, Kelly C, Reiss P, Zuo X, Craddock R, Yan C . Short-term test-retest reliability of resting state fMRI metrics in children with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2015; 15:83-93. PMC: 6989828. DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2015.08.003. View

19.

Gaspar C, Rousselet G, Pernet C . Reliability of ERP and single-trial analyses. Neuroimage. 2011; 58(2):620-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.06.052. View

20.

DuBois J, Adolphs R . Building a Science of Individual Differences from fMRI. Trends Cogn Sci. 2016; 20(6):425-443. PMC: 4886721. DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2016.03.014. View