Role of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Retinal Tumors: A Narrative Review

Overview

Journal Indian J Ophthalmol

Specialty Ophthalmology

Date 2024 Jul 30

PMID 39078951

Authors

Mahesh P Shanmugam

Sriram Simakurthy

Devashish Dubey

Vinaya Kumar Konana

Pradeep Sagar

Rajesh Ramanjulu

Shwetha Suryakanth

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Intraocular tumors constitute a small subset of cases in ophthalmologic practice. Proper diagnosis of intraocular tumors is crucial because some pose threat to vision and life, while others may indicate underlying systemic disorders. Intraocular tumors comprise benign and malignant lesions affecting the retina, choroid, optic disc, iris, and ciliary body. Retinal tumors can be classified as vascular, neural, glial, and retinal pigment epithelial tumors. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a noninvasive imaging modality employed in diagnosis and management of retinal and choroidal vascular diseases, and has enhanced our knowledge in better understanding of the vascular physiology and pathology. Multiple case reports and small series evaluating the role of OCTA in retinal tumors are published in literature. OCTA helps in better understanding of the vascularity of intraocular tumors. In addition to this, OCTA has its role in clinical practice. It helps in identification of small retinal capillary hemangioblastoma (RCH), assessment of treatment response, and identification of tumor recurrence in RCH. It aids in identification of retinal astrocytic hamartoma missed on clinical examination and differentiating retinal astrocytic hamartoma and presumed solitary circumscribed retinal astrocytic proliferation. It helps in assessment of risk of tumor recurrence in retinoblastoma. It helps in differentiating tumors of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) origin from pigmented tumors of the choroid. It also helps in detection of choroidal neovascular membrane in combined hamartoma of the retina and RPE.

References

Lyu S, Zhang M, Wang R, Gao Y, Zhang Q, Min X . Analysis of the characteristics of optical coherence tomography angiography for retinal cavernous hemangioma: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018; 97(7):e9940. PMC: 5839856. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000009940. View

Gupta R, Pappuru R, Fung K, Lupidi M, Kaliki S, Yannuzzi L . Filigree Vascular Pattern in Combined Hamartoma of Retina and Retinal Pigment Epithelium on OCT Angiography. Ophthalmol Retina. 2019; 3(10):879-887. DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2019.04.024. View

Sagar P, Rajesh R, Shanmugam M, Konana V, Mishra D . Comparison of optical coherence tomography angiography and fundus fluorescein angiography features of retinal capillary hemangioblastoma. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2018; 66(6):872-876. PMC: 5989523. DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_1199_17. View

Mazzini C, Vicini G, Nicolosi C, Pieretti G, Bacherini D, Giattini D . Multimodal imaging of a retinal cavernous hemangioma. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2020; :1120672120971549. DOI: 10.1177/1120672120971549. View

Reich M, Glatz A, Boehringer D, Evers C, Daniel M, Bucher F . Comparison of Current Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Methods in Imaging Retinal Hemangioblastomas. Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2020; 9(8):12. PMC: 7422766. DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.8.12. View

Sioufi K, Say E, Ferenczy S, Leahey A, Shields C . OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY FINDINGS OF DEEP CAPILLARY PLEXUS MICROISCHEMIA AFTER INTRAVENOUS CHEMOTHERAPY FOR RETINOBLASTOMA. Retina. 2017; 39(2):371-378. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000001973. View

Sagar P, Shanmugam P, Konana V, Ramanjulu R, Divyansh Mishra K, Simakurthy S . Optical coherence tomography angiography in assessment of response to therapy in retinal capillary hemangioblastoma and diffuse choroidal hemangioma. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2019; 67(5):701-703. PMC: 6498907. DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_1429_18. View

Shanmugam P, Ramanjulu R . Vascular tumors of the choroid and retina. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2015; 63(2):133-40. PMC: 4399122. DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.154387. View

Takahashi A, Muraoka Y, Koyasu S, Arakawa Y, Nakamura E, Tsujikawa A . Novel Manifestation of Retinal Hemangioblastomas Detected by OCT Angiography in von Hippel-Lindau Disease. Ophthalmology. 2023; 130(7):748-755. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2023.02.008. View

10.

Filali Ansary M, Amoroso F, Forte R, Cohen S, Miere A, Souied E . Swept-Source OCTA Imaging of a Presumed Solitary Circumscribed Retinal Astrocytic Proliferation. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2021; 52(4):232-235. DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20210330-08. View

11.

Riazi-Esfahani H, Shamouli H, Khalili Pour E, Fadakar K, Khodabandeh A, Masoomian B . Retinal Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Findings following Retinoblastoma Treatment by Chemotherapy. J Curr Ophthalmol. 2023; 34(4):452-459. PMC: 10170976. DOI: 10.4103/joco.joco_323_21. View

12.

Schwartz S, Harbour J . Multimodal Imaging of Astrocytic Hamartomas Associated With Tuberous Sclerosis. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2017; 48(9):756-758. DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20170829-11. View

13.

Romano M, Breve M, Velotti N, Reibaldi M, De Crecchio G, Cennamo G . Evaluation of choroidal tumors with optical coherence tomography: enhanced depth imaging and OCT-angiography features. Eye (Lond). 2017; 31(6):906-915. PMC: 5518833. DOI: 10.1038/eye.2017.14. View

14.

Russell J, Villegas V, Schwartz S, Weng C, Davis J, Flynn Jr H . Multimodal Imaging in the Diagnosis of Exophytic Juxtapapillary Retinal Capillary Hemangioblastoma. Am J Ophthalmol. 2021; 225:128-136. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2021.01.002. View

15.

Seider M, Grewal D, Mruthyunjaya P . Portable Optical Coherence Tomography Detection or Confirmation of Ophthalmoscopically Invisible or Indeterminate Active Retinoblastoma. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2016; 47(10):965-968. DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20161004-12. View

16.

Tourino R, Teresa Rodriguez-Ares M, Lopez-Valladares M, Gomez-Ulla F, Gomez-Torreiro M, Capeans C . Fluorescein angiographic features of the congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium in the familial adenomatous polyposis. Int Ophthalmol. 2006; 26(1-2):59-65. DOI: 10.1007/s10792-006-0007-5. View

17.

Rosenfeld P, Durbin M, Roisman L, Zheng F, Miller A, Robbins G . ZEISS Angioplex™ Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography: Technical Aspects. Dev Ophthalmol. 2016; 56:18-29. DOI: 10.1159/000442773. View

18.

Elahi S, Miere A, El Ameen A, Souied E . In vivo visualization of variable photoreceptor alteration in a case of peripapillary congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium using spectralis ® high magnification module. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep. 2020; 20:100952. PMC: 7549057. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2020.100952. View

19.

Fernandez J, Haider A, Vajzovic L, Ponugoti A, Kelly M, Materin M . Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Microvascular Variations in Pre- and Posttreatment of Retinoblastoma Tumors. Ocul Oncol Pathol. 2021; 7(5):330-339. PMC: 8531827. DOI: 10.1159/000515142. View

20.

Cohen S, Quentel G, Guiberteau B, Coscas G . Retinal vascular changes in congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium. Ophthalmology. 1993; 100(4):471-4. DOI: 10.1016/s0161-6420(93)31619-2. View