Prevalence and Predictors of Long-term Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease in People with HIV in Ghana from 2003-2018

Overview

Journal BMC Nephrol

Publisher Biomed Central

Specialty Nephrology

Date 2024 Jul 29

PMID 39075393

Authors

David R Chadwick

Fred Barker

Colette Smith

Okyere Perditer

Yasmine Hardy

Dorcas Owusu

Giovanni Villa

Fred Stephen Sarfo

Anna-Maria Geretti

Richard Phillips

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: HIV is associated with an increased risk of progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD), and this risk is higher in people of West African descent than many other ethnicities. Our study assessed the rates of eGFR change and predictors of rapid eGFR progression in patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), including tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), in central Ghana between 2003 and 2018.

Methods: This single-centre retrospective study enrolled people with HIV (PWH) initiating ART in Ghana between 2003-2018. Demographics, hepatitis B (HBsAg) status, ART regimens and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) measurements were recorded, and analyses including multi-level model linear regression were performed to determine predictors of greater levels of eGFR decline and risk of rapid eGFR decline.

Results: Six hundred and fifty-nine adult participants were included in the study with a median follow-up time of 6 years (IQR 3.6-8.9). 149 participants (22.6%) also had confirmed HBV co-infection. eGFR mean values were lowest at the point of diagnosis and highest on the second measurement taken; mean eGFR slowly decreased over subsequent measures thereafter. TDF use was associated with the highest mean rate of eGFR decline of all nucleoside or nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) with a statistically significant greater annual decline of -1.08 mL/min/1.73m/year (CI: -1.92, -0.24) compared with zidovudine. Nevirapine (-0.78mL /min/173m/year; CI: -1.39, -0.17) and protease inhibitors (-1.55mL/mil/173m/year; CI: -2.68, -0.41) were associated with greater eGFR declines compared with efavirenz. Negative HBsAg status was associated with greater eGFR decline compared with positive HBsAg status (-1.25mL/mil/173m/year; CI 0.29. -2.20).

Conclusions: Increased rates of eGFR decline amongst PWH in Ghana were associated with TDF, nevirapine, and protease inhibitor use as well as negative HBsAg status. Additional research using mortality outcome data is needed to closely assess long-term predictors of eGFR decline in African populations.

Citing Articles

Targeting hepatitis B virus-associated nephropathy: efficacy and challenges of current antiviral treatments.

Hu Y, Zhang Y, Jiang W Clin Exp Med. 2025; 25(1):57.

PMID: 39954162 PMC: 11829913. DOI: 10.1007/s10238-025-01584-4.

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