Upregulation of Transferrin Receptor 1 (TfR1) but Not Glucose Transporter 1 (GLUT1) or CD98hc at the Blood-Brain Barrier in Response to Valproic Acid

Overview

Journal Cells

Publisher MDPI

Specialties Biochemistry
Biophysics
Cell Biology
Molecular Biology

Date 2024 Jul 26

PMID 39056763

Authors

Steinunn Sara Helgudottir

Kasper Bendix Johnsen

Lisa Greve Routhe

Charlotte Laurfelt Munch Rasmussen

Maj Schneider Thomsen

Torben Moos

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), and CD98hc are candidates for targeted therapy at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Our objective was to challenge the expression of TfR1, GLUT1, and CD98hc in brain capillaries using the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) valproic acid (VPA).

Methods: Primary mouse brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs) and brain capillaries isolated from mice injected intraperitoneally with VPA were examined using RT-qPCR and ELISA. Targeting to the BBB was performed by injecting monoclonal anti-TfR1 (Ri7217)-conjugated gold nanoparticles measured using ICP-MS.

Results: In BCECs co-cultured with glial cells, mRNA expression was significantly higher after 6 h VPA, returning to baseline after 24 h. In vivo mRNA expression was significantly higher in males, but not females, receiving VPA, whereas mRNA expression was unaffected by VPA. TfR1 increased significantly in vivo after VPA, whereas GLUT1 and CD98hc were unchanged. The uptake of anti-TfR1-conjugated nanoparticles was unaltered by VPA despite upregulated TfR expression.

Conclusions: VPA upregulates TfR1 in brain endothelium in vivo and in vitro. VPA does not increase GLUT1 and CD98hc proteins. The increase in TfR1 does not result in higher anti-TfR1 antibody targetability, suggesting targeting sufficiently occurs with available transferrin receptors without further contribution from accessory VPA-induced TfR1.

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