Pregnancy Episodes in All of Us: Harnessing Multi-source Data for Pregnancy-related Research

Overview

Journal J Am Med Inform Assoc

Publisher Oxford University Press

Specialty Medical Informatics

Date 2024 Jul 23

PMID 39043412

Authors

Louisa H Smith

Wanjiang Wang

Brianna Keefe-Oates

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Objectives: The National Institutes of Health's All of Us Research Program addresses gaps in biomedical research by collecting health data from diverse populations. Pregnant individuals have historically been underrepresented in biomedical research, and pregnancy-related research is often limited by data availability, sample size, and inadequate representation of the diversity of pregnant people. All of Us integrates a wealth of health-related data, providing a unique opportunity to conduct comprehensive pregnancy-related research. We aimed to identify pregnancy episodes with high-quality electronic health record (EHR) data in All of Us Research Program data and evaluate the program's utility for pregnancy-related research.

Materials And Methods: We used a previously published algorithm to identify pregnancy episodes in All of Us EHR data. We described these pregnancies, validated them with All of Us survey data, and compared them to national statistics.

Results: Our study identified 18 970 pregnancy episodes from 14 234 participants; other possible pregnancy episodes had low-quality or insufficient data. Validation against people who reported a current pregnancy on an All of Us survey found low false positive and negative rates. Demographics were similar in some respects to national data; however, Asian-Americans were underrepresented, and older, highly educated pregnant people were overrepresented.

Discussion: Our approach demonstrates the capacity of All of Us to support pregnancy research and reveals the diversity of the pregnancy cohort. However, we noted an underrepresentation among some demographics. Other limitations include measurement error in gestational age and limited data on non-live births.

Conclusion: The wide variety of data in the All of Us program, encompassing EHR, survey, genomic, and fitness tracker data, offers a valuable resource for studying pregnancy, yet care must be taken to avoid biases.

Citing Articles

Returning value to communities from the All of Us Research Program through innovative approaches for data use, analysis, dissemination, and research capacity building.

Bakken S, Sang E, de Brujin B J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2024; 31(12):2773-2780.

PMID: 39657747 PMC: 11631058. DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocae276.

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