Synergistic Implications of Combinatorial Rehabilitation Approaches Using Spinal Stimulation on Therapeutic Outcomes in Spinal Cord Injury

Overview

Journal Clin Neurophysiol

Publisher Elsevier

Specialties Neurology
Psychiatry

Date 2024 Jul 21

PMID 39033698

Authors

Michelle S Scheffler

Catherine A Martin

Valerie Dietz

Amir H Faraji

Dimitry G Sayenko

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this narrative review was to locate and assess recent articles employing a combinatorial approach of transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation or epidural spinal cord stimulation with additional modalities. We sought to provide relevant knowledge of recent literature and advance understanding on outcomes reported, to better equip those working in neurorehabilitation and neuromodulation.

Methods: Articles were selected and analyzed based on study approach, stimulation parameters, outcome measures, and presence of neurophysiological data to support findings.

Results: This narrative review analyzed 44 recent articles employing a combinatorial approach of transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation or epidural spinal cord stimulation with additional modalities. Our findings showed that limited research exists regarding such combinatorial approaches, particularly when considering modalities beyond activity-based training. There is also limited consistency in neurophysiological and quality of life outcomes.

Conclusion: Articles involving transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation or epidural spinal cord stimulation with other modalities are limited in the current body of literature. Authors noted variety in approach, sample size, and use of participant perspective. Opportunities are present to add high quality research to this body of literature.

Significance: Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation and epidural spinal cord stimulation are emerging in research as viable avenues for targeting improvement of function after traumatic spinal cord injury, particularly when combined with activity-based training. This body of literature demonstrates viable areas for growth from both neurophysiological and functional perspectives. Further, exploration of novel combinatorial approaches holds potential to offer enhanced contributions to clinical and neurophysiological rehabilitation and research.

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