Root Rot Management in Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Through Integrated Biocontrol Strategies Using Metabolites from Trichoderma Harzianum, Serratia Marcescens, and Vermicompost Tea

Overview

Journal Microb Ecol

Specialties Environmental Health
Microbiology

Date 2024 Jul 15

PMID 39008061

Authors

Karima G Helmy

Samah H Abu-Hussien

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an essential food staple and source of income for small-holder farmers across Africa. However, yields are greatly threatened by fungal diseases like root rot induced by Rhizoctonia solani. This study aimed to evaluate an integrated approach utilizing vermicompost tea (VCT) and antagonistic microbes for effective and sustainable management of R. solani root rot in common beans. Fourteen fungal strains were first isolated from infected common bean plants collected across three Egyptian governorates, with R. solani being the most virulent isolate with 50% dominance. Subsequently, the antagonistic potential of vermicompost tea (VCT), Serratia sp., and Trichoderma sp. was assessed against this destructive pathogen. Combinations of 10% VCT and the biocontrol agent isolates displayed potent inhibition of R. solani growth in vitro, prompting in planta testing. Under greenhouse conditions, integrated applications of 5 or 10% VCT with Serratia marcescens, Trichoderma harzianum, or effective microorganisms (EM1) afforded up to 95% protection against pre- and post-emergence damping-off induced by R. solani in common bean cv. Giza 6. Similarly, under field conditions, combining VCT with EM1 (VCT + EM1) or Trichoderma harzianum (VCT + Trichoderma harzianum) substantially suppressed disease severity by 65.6% and 64.34%, respectively, relative to untreated plants. These treatments also elicited defense enzyme activity and distinctly improved growth parameters including 136.68% and 132.49% increases in pod weight per plant over control plants. GC-MS profiling of Trichoderma harzianum, Serratia marcescens, and vermicompost tea (VCT) extracts revealed unique compounds dominated by cyclic pregnane, fatty acid methyl esters, linoleic acid derivatives, and free fatty acids like oleic, palmitic, and stearic acids with confirmed biocontrol and plant growth-promoting activities. The results verify VCT-mediated delivery of synergistic microbial consortia as a sustainable platform for integrated management of debilitating soil-borne diseases, enhancing productivity and incomes for smallholder bean farmers through regeneration of soil health. Further large-scale validation can pave the adoption of this climate-resilient approach for securing food and nutrition security.

References

Mansour T, Radwan W, Mansour M, Gomaa M, Farouk F, Shepl M . Larvicidal potential, toxicological assessment, and molecular docking studies of four Egyptian bacterial strains against Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae). Sci Rep. 2023; 13(1):17230. PMC: 10567778. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44279-0. View

Darwesh O, Elshahawy I . Management of sunflower charcoal-rot and maize late-wilt diseases using the aqueous extract of vermicompost (vermitea) and environmental-safe biochar derivative (wood vinegar). Sci Rep. 2023; 13(1):17387. PMC: 10575965. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43974-2. View

Chen J, Zhou L, Din I, Arafat Y, Li Q, Wang J . Antagonistic Activity of spp. Against in Rhizosphere of Triggers the Expression of Host Defense Genes and Improves Its Growth Under Long-Term Monoculture System. Front Microbiol. 2021; 12:579920. PMC: 8005620. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.579920. View

Sikora M, Swieca M, Franczyk M, Jakubczyk A, Bochnak J, Zlotek U . Biochemical Properties of Polyphenol Oxidases from Ready-to-Eat Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) Sprouts and Factors Affecting Their Activities: A Search for Potent Tools Limiting Enzymatic Browning. Foods. 2019; 8(5). PMC: 6560442. DOI: 10.3390/foods8050154. View

Al-Jaradi A, Al-Mahmooli I, Janke R, Maharachchikumbura S, Al-Saady N, Al-Sadi A . Isolation and identification of pathogenic fungi and oomycetes associated with beans and cowpea root diseases in Oman. PeerJ. 2018; 6:e6064. PMC: 6295327. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6064. View

Ali B, Wang X, Saleem M, Azeem M, Afridi M, Nadeem M . PM35 Reinforces Photosynthetic Efficiency, Antioxidant Defense, Expression of Stress-Responsive Genes, and Ameliorates the Effects of Salinity Stress in Maize. Life (Basel). 2022; 12(2). PMC: 8875943. DOI: 10.3390/life12020219. View

Lin H, Liang Y, Kaliaperumal K, Xiong Q, Duan S, Jiang Y . Linoleic acid from the endophytic fungus Diaporthe sp. HT-79 inhibits the growth of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri by destructing the cell membrane and producing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2023; 192:105423. DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105423. View

Cao S, Yang Z, Cai Y, Zheng Y . Antioxidant enzymes and fatty acid composition as related to disease resistance in postharvest loquat fruit. Food Chem. 2014; 163:92-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.04.084. View

McLaughlin M, Roy M, Abbasi P, Carisse O, Yurgel S, Ali S . Why Do We Need Alternative Methods for Fungal Disease Management in Plants?. Plants (Basel). 2023; 12(22). PMC: 10675458. DOI: 10.3390/plants12223822. View

10.

Medison R, Tan L, Medison M, Chiwina K . Use of beneficial bacterial endophytes: A practical strategy to achieve sustainable agriculture. AIMS Microbiol. 2023; 8(4):624-643. PMC: 9834078. DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2022040. View

11.

Abd-Elhalim B, Hemdan B, El-Sayed S, Ahmed M, Maan S, Abu-Hussien S . Enhancing durability and sustainable preservation of Egyptian stone monuments using metabolites produced by Streptomyces exfoliatus. Sci Rep. 2023; 13(1):9458. PMC: 10257707. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36542-1. View

12.

Ali B, Wang X, Saleem M, Sumaira , Hafeez A, Afridi M . PGPR-Mediated Salt Tolerance in Maize by Modulating Plant Physiology, Antioxidant Defense, Compatible Solutes Accumulation and Bio-Surfactant Producing Genes. Plants (Basel). 2022; 11(3). PMC: 8840115. DOI: 10.3390/plants11030345. View

13.

Ali M, Ali Q, Sohail M, Ashraf M, Saleem M, Hussain S . Diversity and Taxonomic Distribution of Endophytic Bacterial Community in the Rice Plant and Its Prospective. Int J Mol Sci. 2021; 22(18). PMC: 8465699. DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810165. View

14.

Libran-Perez M, Pereiro P, Figueras A, Novoa B . Antiviral activity of palmitic acid via autophagic flux inhibition in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2019; 95:595-605. DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.10.055. View

15.

Popoola J, Ojuederie O, Aworunse O, Adelekan A, Oyelakin A, Oyesola O . Nutritional, functional, and bioactive properties of african underutilized legumes. Front Plant Sci. 2023; 14:1105364. PMC: 10141332. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1105364. View

16.

Adnan M, Fahad S, Saleem M, Ali B, Mussart M, Ullah R . Comparative efficacy of phosphorous supplements with phosphate solubilizing bacteria for optimizing wheat yield in calcareous soils. Sci Rep. 2022; 12(1):11997. PMC: 9283399. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16035-3. View

17.

Yasmin H, Bano A, Wilson N, Nosheen A, Naz R, Hassan M . Drought-tolerant Pseudomonas sp. showed differential expression of stress-responsive genes and induced drought tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Physiol Plant. 2021; 174(1):e13497. DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13497. View

18.

Ben Khedher S, Kilani-Feki O, Dammak M, Jabnoun-Khiareddine H, Daami-Remadi M, Tounsi S . Efficacy of Bacillus subtilis V26 as a biological control agent against Rhizoctonia solani on potato. C R Biol. 2015; 338(12):784-92. DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2015.09.005. View

19.

Ahmad S, Mfarrej M, El-Esawi M, Waseem M, Alatawi A, Nafees M . Chromium-resistant Staphylococcus aureus alleviates chromium toxicity by developing synergistic relationships with zinc oxide nanoparticles in wheat. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2022; 230:113142. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113142. View

20.

El-Sayed A, Kamel M . Climatic changes and their role in emergence and re-emergence of diseases. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020; 27(18):22336-22352. PMC: 7187803. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08896-w. View