Digital Outcome Measures Are Associated with Brain Atrophy in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

Overview

Journal J Neurol

Specialty Neurology

Date 2024 Jul 15

PMID 39008036

Authors

Pam C G Molenaar

Samantha Noteboom

David R van Nederpelt

Eva A Krijnen

Julia R Jelgerhuis

Ka-Hoo Lam

Gerrieke B Druijff-van de Woestijne

Kim A Meijer

Pim van Oirschot

Brigit A de Jong

Iman Brouwer

Bas Jasperse

Vincent de Groot

Bernard M J Uitdehaag

Menno M Schoonheim

Eva M M Strijbis

Joep Killestein

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Digital monitoring of people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) using smartphone-based monitoring tools is a promising method to assess disease activity and progression.

Objective: To study cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between active and passive digital monitoring parameters and MRI volume measures in PwMS.

Methods: In this prospective study, 92 PwMS were included. Clinical tests [Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), Timed 25 Foot Walk test (T25FW), 9-Hole Peg Test (NHPT), and Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT)] and structural MRI scans were performed at baseline (M0) and 12-month follow-up (M12). Active monitoring included the smartphone-based Symbol Digit Modalities Test (sSDMT) and 2 Minute Walk Test (s2MWT), while passive monitoring was based on smartphone keystroke dynamics (KD). Linear regression analyses were used to determine cross-sectional and longitudinal relations between digital and clinical outcomes and brain volumes, with age, disease duration and sex as covariates.

Results: In PwMS, both sSDMT and SDMT were associated with thalamic volumes and lesion volumes. KD were related to brain, ventricular, thalamic and lesion volumes. No relations were found between s2MWT and MRI volumes. NHPT scores were associated with lesion volumes only, while EDSS and T25FW were not related to MRI. No longitudinal associations were found for any of the outcome measures between M0 and M12.

Conclusion: Our results show clear cross-sectional correlations between digital biomarkers and brain volumes in PwMS, which were not all present for conventional clinical outcomes, supporting the potential added value of digital monitoring tools.

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