Comparative Genomics Illuminates Karyotype and Sex Chromosome Evolution of Sharks

Overview

Journal Cell Genom

Date 2024 Jul 12

PMID 38996479

Authors

Jiahong Wu

Fujiang Liu

Jie Jiao

Haoran Luo

Shiyu Fan

Jiao Liu

Hongxiang Wang

Ning Cui

Ning Zhao

Qingming Qu

Shigehiro Kuraku

Zhen Huang

Luohao Xu

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Chondrichthyes is an important lineage to reconstruct the evolutionary history of vertebrates. Here, we analyzed genome synteny for six chondrichthyan chromosome-level genomes. Our comparative analysis reveals a slow evolutionary rate of chromosomal changes, with infrequent but independent fusions observed in sharks, skates, and chimaeras. The chondrichthyan common ancestor had a proto-vertebrate-like karyotype, including the presence of 18 microchromosome pairs. The X chromosome is a conversed microchromosome shared by all sharks, suggesting a likely common origin of the sex chromosome at least 181 million years ago. We characterized the Y chromosomes of two sharks that are highly differentiated from the X except for a small young evolutionary stratum and a small pseudoautosomal region. We found that shark sex chromosomes lack global dosage compensation but that dosage-sensitive genes are locally compensated. Our study on shark chromosome evolution enhances our understanding of shark sex chromosomes and vertebrate chromosome evolution.

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