Comprehensive Quality Analysis of Conventional and Novel Biomarkers in Diagnosing and Predicting Prognosis of Coronary Artery Disease, Acute Coronary Syndrome, and Heart Failure, a Comprehensive Literature Review

Overview

Journal J Cardiovasc Transl Res

Publisher Springer

Specialty Cardiology & Vascular Diseases

Date 2024 Jul 12

PMID 38995611

Authors

Muhammad Abubakar

Umema Irfan

Ahmad Abdelkhalek

Izzah Javed

Muhammad Imran Khokhar

Fraz Shakil

Saud Raza

Siffat Saima Salim

Muhammad Mahran Altaf

Rizwan Habib

Simra Ahmed

Farea Ahmed

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Coronary artery disease (CAD), acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and heart failure (HF) are major global health issues with high morbidity and mortality rates. Biomarkers like cardiac troponins (cTn) and natriuretic peptides (NPs) are crucial tools in cardiology, but numerous new biomarkers have emerged, proving increasingly valuable in CAD/ACS. These biomarkers are classified based on their mechanisms, such as fibrosis, metabolism, inflammation, and congestion. The integration of established and emerging biomarkers into clinical practice is an ongoing process, and recognizing their strengths and limitations is crucial for their accurate interpretation, incorporation into clinical settings, and improved management of CVD patients. We explored established biomarkers like cTn, NPs, and CRP, alongside newer biomarkers such as Apo-A1, IL-17E, IgA, Gal-3, sST2, GDF-15, MPO, H-FABP, Lp-PLA2, and ncRNAs; provided evidence of their utility in CAD/ACS diagnosis and prognosis; and empowered clinicians to confidently integrate these biomarkers into clinical practice based on solid evidence.

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