Genetic Characterization and Pathogenicity of a Recombinant Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Strain in China

Overview

Journal Viruses

Publisher MDPI

Specialty Microbiology

Date 2024 Jun 27

PMID 38932283

Authors

Yan Ouyang

Yingbing Du

Hejin Zhang

Jiahui Guo

Zheng Sun

Xiuxin Luo

Xiaowei Mei

Shaobo Xiao

Liurong Fang

Yanrong Zhou

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Since it was first reported in 2013, the NADC30-like PRRSV has been epidemic in China. Hubei Province is known as China's key hog-exporting region. To understand the prevalence and genetic variation of PRRSV, herein, we detected and analyzed 317 lung tissue samples from pigs with respiratory disease in Hubei Province, and demonstrated that the NADC30-like strain was the second-most predominant strain during 2017-2018, following the highly pathogenic PRRSV (HP-PRRSV). Additionally, we isolated a new NADC30-like PRRSV strain, named CHN-HB-2018, which could be stably passaged in Marc-145 cells. Genetic characterization analysis showed that compared with the NADC30 strain, the CHN-HB-2018 strain had several amino acid variations in glycoprotein (GP) 3, GP5, and nonstructural protein 2 (NSP2). Moreover, the CHN-HB-2018 strain showed a unique 5-amino acid (aa) deletion in NSP2, which has not previously been reported. Gene recombination analysis identified the CHN-HB-2018 strain as a potentially recombinant PRRSV of the NADC30-like strain and HP-PRRSV. Animal experiments indicated that the CHN-HB-2018 strain has a mild pathogenicity, with no mortality and only mild fever observed in piglets. This study contributes to defining the evolutionary characteristics of PRRSV and its molecular epidemiology in Hubei Province, and provides a potential candidate strain for PRRSV vaccine development.

Citing Articles

Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Evolution of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Northern China During 2021-2023.

Yuan N, Yang Z, Lv F, Dou L, Li X, Zhao B Viruses. 2025; 17(1.

PMID: 39861874 PMC: 11769476. DOI: 10.3390/v17010085.

Development of a Multiplex RT-qPCR Method for the Identification and Lineage Typing of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus.

Tao C, Zhu X, Huang Y, Yuan W, Wang Z, Zhu H Int J Mol Sci. 2024; 25(23).

PMID: 39684913 PMC: 11642648. DOI: 10.3390/ijms252313203.

Evaluation of cross-protection of a reduced-dose PRRS MLV vaccine against the NADC30-like PRRSV challenge.

Liu J, Yan X, Wu W, Li Y, Xing S, Zhao S Front Vet Sci. 2024; 11:1492173.

PMID: 39606654 PMC: 11599974. DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1492173.

References

Beerens N, Selisko B, Ricagno S, Imbert I, van der Zanden L, Snijder E . De novo initiation of RNA synthesis by the arterivirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. J Virol. 2007; 81(16):8384-95. PMC: 1951334. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00564-07. View

An T, Tian Z, Xiao Y, Li R, Peng J, Wei T . Origin of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, China. Emerg Infect Dis. 2010; 16(2):365-7. PMC: 2957991. DOI: 10.3201/eid1602.090005. View

Bian T, Sun Y, Hao M, Zhou L, Ge X, Guo X . A recombinant type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus between NADC30-like and a MLV-like: Genetic characterization and pathogenicity for piglets. Infect Genet Evol. 2017; 54:279-286. DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.07.016. View

Johnson C, Griggs T, Gnanandarajah J, Murtaugh M . Novel structural protein in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus encoded by an alternative ORF5 present in all arteriviruses. J Gen Virol. 2011; 92(Pt 5):1107-1116. PMC: 3139420. DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.030213-0. View

Brockmeier S, Loving C, Vorwald A, Kehrli Jr M, Baker R, Nicholson T . Genomic sequence and virulence comparison of four Type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strains. Virus Res. 2012; 169(1):212-21. DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2012.07.030. View

Meulenberg J, Petersen den Besten A, de Kluyver E, van Nieuwstadt A, Wensvoort G, Moormann R . Molecular characterization of Lelystad virus. Vet Microbiol. 1997; 55(1-4):197-202. PMC: 7117323. DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1135(96)01335-1. View

Brinton M, Gulyaeva A, Balasuriya U, Dunowska M, Faaberg K, Goldberg T . ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: 2021. J Gen Virol. 2021; 102(8). PMC: 8513641. DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001632. View

Fang Y, Treffers E, Li Y, Tas A, Sun Z, van der Meer Y . Efficient -2 frameshifting by mammalian ribosomes to synthesize an additional arterivirus protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012; 109(43):E2920-8. PMC: 3491471. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1211145109. View

Gao J, Xiong J, Ye C, Chang X, Guo J, Jiang C . Genotypic and geographical distribution of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses in mainland China in 1996-2016. Vet Microbiol. 2017; 208:164-172. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.08.003. View

10.

Guo Z, Chen X, Li R, Qiao S, Zhang G . The prevalent status and genetic diversity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in China: a molecular epidemiological perspective. Virol J. 2018; 15(1):2. PMC: 5753475. DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0910-6. View

11.

Allende R, Lewis T, Lu Z, Rock D, Kutish G, Ali A . North American and European porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses differ in non-structural protein coding regions. J Gen Virol. 1999; 80 ( Pt 2):307-315. DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-80-2-307. View

12.

Zhang Q, Jiang P, Song Z, Lv L, Li L, Bai J . Pathogenicity and antigenicity of a novel NADC30-like strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus emerged in China. Vet Microbiol. 2016; 197:93-101. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.11.010. View

13.

Sun Q, Xu H, An T, Cai X, Tian Z, Zhang H . Recent Progress in Studies of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus 1 in China. Viruses. 2023; 15(7). PMC: 10384046. DOI: 10.3390/v15071528. View

14.

Ansari I, Kwon B, Osorio F, Pattnaik A . Influence of N-linked glycosylation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus GP5 on virus infectivity, antigenicity, and ability to induce neutralizing antibodies. J Virol. 2006; 80(8):3994-4004. PMC: 1440468. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.80.8.3994-4004.2006. View

15.

Kuhn J, Lauck M, Bailey A, Shchetinin A, Vishnevskaya T, Bao Y . Reorganization and expansion of the nidoviral family Arteriviridae. Arch Virol. 2015; 161(3):755-68. PMC: 5573231. DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2672-z. View

16.

Zhao K, Ye C, Chang X, Jiang C, Wang S, Cai X . Importation and Recombination Are Responsible for the Latest Emergence of Highly Pathogenic Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in China. J Virol. 2015; 89(20):10712-6. PMC: 4580157. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01446-15. View

17.

Allende R, Kutish G, Laegreid W, Lu Z, Lewis T, Rock D . Mutations in the genome of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus responsible for the attenuation phenotype. Arch Virol. 2000; 145(6):1149-61. PMC: 7086797. DOI: 10.1007/s007050070115. View

18.

An T, Tian Z, Leng C, Peng J, Tong G . Highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, Asia. Emerg Infect Dis. 2011; 17(9):1782-4. PMC: 3322091. DOI: 10.3201/eid1709.110411. View

19.

Li Y, Ji G, Wang J, Tan F, Zhuang J, Li X . Complete Genome Sequence of an NADC30-Like Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Characterized by Recombination with Other Strains. Genome Announc. 2016; 4(3). PMC: 4859180. DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.00330-16. View

20.

Liu J, Zhou X, Zhai J, Wei C, Dai A, Yang X . Recombination in JXA1-R vaccine and NADC30-like strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses. Vet Microbiol. 2017; 204:110-120. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.04.017. View