Immune Response Analysis of Solid Organ Transplantation Recipients Inoculated with Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine: A Retrospective Analysis

Overview

Journal Open Med (Wars)

Specialty General Medicine

Date 2024 Jun 24

PMID 38911255

Authors

Jiazhi Li

Peihua Cao

Zhenhu Chen

Ruihua Deng

Yu Nie

Feixiong Pang

Xiaomian Liu

Haijia Huang

Jianrong Yang

Kebo Zhong

Yanhua Lai

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of solid organ transplantation recipients inoculated with an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the antibody levels and related adverse events of non-transplantation subjects and solid organ transplant recipients, both pre-transplantation (individuals awaiting organ transplantation) and post-transplantation (individuals who have undergone organ transplantation), who received inactivated COVID-19 vaccines from February 2021 to July 2022.

Results: The study included 38 pre-transplantation vaccination group, 129 post-transplantation vaccination group, and 246 non-transplantation group. The antibody titer was assessed monthly within the period of 1-12 months after the last injection. The antibody-positive rate among the three groups were 36.84, 20.30, 61.17% ( < 0.05). The antibody-positive rates among three groups with one, two doses vaccine were not significantly different ( > 0.05), but were significantly different after three doses ( < 0.05). The antibody titers among three groups were significantly different after two doses ( < 0.05). Adverse reactions occurred in six transplant recipients, which were relieved after treatment, and not in the non-transplantation subjects.

Conclusion: Inactivated COVID-19 vaccine is safe and effective for solid organ transplantation recipients, at least two doses of which should be completed before organ transplant surgery.

References

Manothummetha K, Chuleerarux N, Sanguankeo A, Kates O, Hirankarn N, Thongkam A . Immunogenicity and Risk Factors Associated With Poor Humoral Immune Response of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines in Recipients of Solid Organ Transplant: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2022; 5(4):e226822. PMC: 9006106. DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.6822. View

Becchetti C, Zambelli M, Pasulo L, Donato M, Invernizzi F, Detry O . COVID-19 in an international European liver transplant recipient cohort. Gut. 2020; 69(10):1832-1840. PMC: 7335697. DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321923. View

Kamar N, Abravanel F, Marion O, Couat C, Izopet J, Del Bello A . Three Doses of an mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine in Solid-Organ Transplant Recipients. N Engl J Med. 2021; 385(7):661-662. PMC: 8262620. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc2108861. View

Benotmane I, Gautier G, Perrin P, Olagne J, Cognard N, Fafi-Kremer S . Antibody Response After a Third Dose of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Kidney Transplant Recipients With Minimal Serologic Response to 2 Doses. JAMA. 2021; . PMC: 8456389. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2021.12339. View

Akalin E, Azzi Y, Bartash R, Seethamraju H, Parides M, Hemmige V . Covid-19 and Kidney Transplantation. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382(25):2475-2477. PMC: 7200055. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc2011117. View

Latif F, Farr M, Clerkin K, Habal M, Takeda K, Naka Y . Characteristics and Outcomes of Recipients of Heart Transplant With Coronavirus Disease 2019. JAMA Cardiol. 2020; 5(10):1165-1169. PMC: 7221850. DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.2159. View

Ao G, Wang Y, Qi X, Nasr B, Bao M, Gao M . The association between severe or death COVID-19 and solid organ transplantation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Transplant Rev (Orlando). 2021; 35(3):100628. PMC: 8137345. DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2021.100628. View

Cucchiari D, Egri N, Bodro M, Herrera S, Del Risco-Zevallos J, Casals-Urquiza J . Cellular and humoral response after MRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in kidney transplant recipients. Am J Transplant. 2021; 21(8):2727-2739. PMC: 8222867. DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16701. View

Rivinius R, Kaya Z, Schramm R, Boeken U, Provaznik Z, Heim C . COVID-19 among heart transplant recipients in Germany: a multicenter survey. Clin Res Cardiol. 2020; 109(12):1531-1539. PMC: 7418884. DOI: 10.1007/s00392-020-01722-w. View

10.

Opsomer R, Kuypers D . COVID-19 and solid organ transplantation: Finding the right balance. Transplant Rev (Orlando). 2022; 36(3):100710. PMC: 9251959. DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2022.100710. View

11.

Alejo J, Mitchell J, Chiang T, Abedon A, Boyarsky B, Avery R . Antibody Response to a Fourth Dose of a SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: A Case Series. Transplantation. 2021; 105(12):e280-e281. PMC: 8612849. DOI: 10.1097/TP.0000000000003934. View

12.

Fiolet T, Kherabi Y, MacDonald C, Ghosn J, Peiffer-Smadja N . Comparing COVID-19 vaccines for their characteristics, efficacy and effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern: a narrative review. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2021; 28(2):202-221. PMC: 8548286. DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2021.10.005. View

13.

Rabinowich L, Grupper A, Baruch R, Ben-Yehoyada M, Halperin T, Turner D . Low immunogenicity to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination among liver transplant recipients. J Hepatol. 2021; 75(2):435-438. PMC: 8058047. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.04.020. View

14.

Broichhaus L, Book J, Feddern S, Grune B, Neuhann F, Niessen J . Where is the greatest risk of COVID-19 infection? Findings from Germany's largest public health department, Cologne. PLoS One. 2022; 17(8):e0273496. PMC: 9401106. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273496. View

15.

Boyarsky B, Chiang T, Ou M, Werbel W, Massie A, Segev D . Antibody Response to the Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients. Transplantation. 2021; 105(8):e82-e83. PMC: 8298284. DOI: 10.1097/TP.0000000000003850. View

16.

Gatti M, Rinaldi M, Bussini L, Bonazzetti C, Pascale R, Pasquini Z . Clinical outcome in solid organ transplant recipients affected by COVID-19 compared to general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2022; 28(8):1057-1065. PMC: 8916831. DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2022.02.039. View

17.

Karaba A, Zhu X, Liang T, Wang K, Rittenhouse A, Akinde O . A third dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine increases neutralizing antibodies against variants of concern in solid organ transplant recipients. Am J Transplant. 2021; 22(4):1253-1260. PMC: 8983554. DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16933. View

18.

Azzi Y, Bartash R, Scalea J, Loarte-Campos P, Akalin E . COVID-19 and Solid Organ Transplantation: A Review Article. Transplantation. 2020; 105(1):37-55. DOI: 10.1097/TP.0000000000003523. View

19.

Lee B, Perumalswami P, Im G, Florman S, Schiano T . COVID-19 in Liver Transplant Recipients: An Initial Experience From the US Epicenter. Gastroenterology. 2020; 159(3):1176-1178.e2. PMC: 7237372. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.05.050. View

20.

Hadi Y, Naqvi S, Kupec J, Sofka S, Sarwari A . Outcomes of COVID-19 in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: A Propensity-matched Analysis of a Large Research Network. Transplantation. 2021; 105(6):1365-1371. PMC: 8414593. DOI: 10.1097/TP.0000000000003670. View