Anti- Effects of Jalas Essential Oils: A New Antimicrobial Approach

Overview

Journal Evid Based Complement Alternat Med

Specialty Rehabilitation Medicine

Date 2024 Jun 18

PMID 38887601

Authors

Sepehr Asadi

Ebrahim Rahimi

Amir Shakerian

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: are the principal causative factor in the etiological factors of chronic, active, or type B gastritis; peptic and duodenal ulcers; stomach carcinoma; and epithelial tissue lymphoid malignancies. It infects more than half of the population worldwide. To reduce production, pharmacological therapy of diseases typically involves using threefold treatment methods. However, as a result of such therapy, antimicrobial resistance is commonly developed. Alternative therapeutics for diseases are thus of particular interest.

Methods: Thyme essential oils (EOs) obtained from Jalas plants in Iran were tested for antibacterial activity against obtained from 320 poultry specimens in this investigation. Antibacterial activity was measured using inhibition zones, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs). The impact of Jalas essential oils on isolate , , and gene expression was evaluated using a quantitative real-time PCR method ( < 0.05).

Results: The chemical content of these EOs varied significantly according to chromatographic examination. Thymol, carvacrol, and terpinene-4-ol are the most abundant components in these EOs. was recognized as a species with a 175-bp PCR product of 16S rRNA in 20/20 (100%). According to PCR results, all 20 (100%) isolates belonged to . The EOs inhibited in a dose-dependent manner, with Jalas being the most effective, followed by pterygium EOs in decreasing order. At 8 mg/mL of Jalas EOs, IZs against were 27.4 ± 0.42 mm, and at 8 mg/mL of pterygium, IZs against were 1 ± 0.02. Jalas essential oils were used to treat all bacteria, and the findings showed that Jalas had a substantial inhibitory impact on the expression of , , and virulence-related genes ( < 0.05).

Conclusions: In a dose-dependent manner, the EOs of Jalas EO demonstrated a high degree of antimicrobial property against bacteria. The most efficient EOs were those from Jalas with relative concentrations of thymol and carvacrol, followed by the coumarin-dominated pterygium EO with reduced antibacterial activity.

References

Guerra-Valle M, Orellana-Palma P, Petzold G . Plant-Based Polyphenols: Anti- Effect and Improvement of Gut Microbiota. Antioxidants (Basel). 2022; 11(1). PMC: 8772845. DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010109. View

Yahaghi E, Khamesipour F, Mashayekhi F, Safarpoor Dehkordi F, Sakhaei M, Masoudimanesh M . Helicobacter pylori in vegetables and salads: genotyping and antimicrobial resistance properties. Biomed Res Int. 2014; 2014:757941. PMC: 4145543. DOI: 10.1155/2014/757941. View

Bergonzelli G, Donnicola D, Porta N, Corthesy-Theulaz I . Essential oils as components of a diet-based approach to management of Helicobacter infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003; 47(10):3240-6. PMC: 201172. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.47.10.3240-3246.2003. View

Zhang Y, Gan R, Li S, Zhou Y, Li A, Xu D . Antioxidant Phytochemicals for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases. Molecules. 2015; 20(12):21138-56. PMC: 6331972. DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219753. View

Dhalaria R, Verma R, Kumar D, Puri S, Tapwal A, Kumar V . Bioactive Compounds of Edible Fruits with Their Anti-Aging Properties: A Comprehensive Review to Prolong Human Life. Antioxidants (Basel). 2020; 9(11). PMC: 7698232. DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111123. View

Ullah R, Alqahtani A . GC-MS Analysis, Heavy Metals, Biological, and Toxicological Evaluation of and Methanol Extracts. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022; 2022:2284328. PMC: 8959963. DOI: 10.1155/2022/2284328. View

Tsay F, Hsu P . H. pylori infection and extra-gastroduodenal diseases. J Biomed Sci. 2018; 25(1):65. PMC: 6114542. DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0469-6. View

Rueda-Robles A, Rubio-Tomas T, Plaza-Diaz J, Alvarez-Mercado A . Impact of Dietary Patterns on Infection and the Modulation of Microbiota to Counteract Its Effect. A Narrative Review. Pathogens. 2021; 10(7). PMC: 8308520. DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070875. View

Mannion A, Dzink-Fox J, Shen Z, Piazuelo M, Wilson K, Correa P . Helicobacter pylori Antimicrobial Resistance and Gene Variants in High- and Low-Gastric-Cancer-Risk Populations. J Clin Microbiol. 2021; 59(5). PMC: 8091839. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.03203-20. View

10.

Hemmatinezhad B, Momtaz H, Rahimi E . VacA, cagA, iceA and oipA genotypes status and antimicrobial resistance properties of Helicobacter pylori isolated from various types of ready to eat foods. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2016; 15:2. PMC: 4719207. DOI: 10.1186/s12941-015-0115-z. View

11.

Galovicova L, Borotova P, Valkova V, Vukovic N, Vukic M, Terentjeva M . Essential Oil and Its Biological Activity as a Modern Food Preserver. Plants (Basel). 2021; 10(7). PMC: 8309260. DOI: 10.3390/plants10071416. View

12.

Ranjbar R, Khamesipour F, Jonaidi-Jafari N, Rahimi E . Helicobacter pylori isolated from Iranian drinking water: vacA, cagA, iceA, oipA and babA2 genotype status and antimicrobial resistance properties. FEBS Open Bio. 2016; 6(5):433-41. PMC: 4856422. DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12054. View

13.

Chimnoi N, Reuk-Ngam N, Chuysinuan P, Khlaychan P, Khunnawutmanotham N, Chokchaichamnankit D . Characterization of essential oil from Ocimum gratissimum leaves: Antibacterial and mode of action against selected gastroenteritis pathogens. Microb Pathog. 2018; 118:290-300. DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.03.041. View

14.

Dabiri H, Jafari F, Baghaei K, Shokrzadeh L, Abdi S, Pourhoseingholi M . Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori vacA, cagA, cagE, oipA, iceA, babA2 and babB genotypes in Iranian dyspeptic patients. Microb Pathog. 2017; 105:226-230. DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.02.018. View

15.

Piri-Gharaghie T, Beiranvand S, Riahi A, Shirin N, Badmasti F, Mirzaie A . Fabrication and Characterization of Thymol-Loaded Chitosan Nanogels: Improved Antibacterial and Anti-Biofilm Activities with Negligible Cytotoxicity. Chem Biodivers. 2022; 19(3):e202100426. DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100426. View

16.

Yamaguchi T . Antibacterial effect of the combination of terpenoids. Arch Microbiol. 2022; 204(8):520. DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03142-y. View

17.

Jubair N, Rajagopal M, Chinnappan S, Abdullah N, Fatima A . Review on the Antibacterial Mechanism of Plant-Derived Compounds against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria (MDR). Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2021; 2021:3663315. PMC: 8384518. DOI: 10.1155/2021/3663315. View

18.

Cardos I, Zaha D, Sindhu R, Cavalu S . Revisiting Therapeutic Strategies for Treatment in the Context of Antibiotic Resistance: Focus on Alternative and Complementary Therapies. Molecules. 2021; 26(19). PMC: 8512130. DOI: 10.3390/molecules26196078. View

19.

ODonnell F, Smyth T, Ramachandran V, Smyth W . A study of the antimicrobial activity of selected synthetic and naturally occurring quinolines. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2009; 35(1):30-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2009.06.031. View

20.

Stan D, Enciu A, Mateescu A, Ion A, Brezeanu A, Stan D . Natural Compounds With Antimicrobial and Antiviral Effect and Nanocarriers Used for Their Transportation. Front Pharmacol. 2021; 12:723233. PMC: 8450524. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.723233. View