Impacts of Thyme And/or Garlic Oils on Growth, Immunity, Antioxidant and Net Farm Income in Damascus Goats

Overview

Journal Sci Rep

Specialty Science

Date 2024 Jun 7

PMID 38849384

Authors

Tharwat Imbabi

Tamer M M Hassan

Ali Osman

Ayman H Abd El Aziz

Abuelkassem A Tantawi

Mohammed A F Nasr

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of thyme and/or garlic oil administration on growth performance, immunity, antioxidant, biochemical parameters, and net farm income of Damascus goats. Forty weaned Damascus goats were allocated into four groups. The first group was the control without oral administration, while the 2nd (Th), 3rd (Gr), and 4th (ThGr) groups were orally administrated by (2 ml/goat/day) of thyme oil, garlic oil and their mixture (1:1), respectively during the whole experiment period. The final body weight of goats orally administered oil mixture was the heaviest group, it was 10, 4.5 and 3.5% than the control, Th. and Gr. groups, respectively with better feed conversion ratio and high net farm income. Goats of ThGr. group revealed the best immunity, antioxidant and general health condition than the control group with 50% reduction of MDA. Liver (AST, 33% and ALT, 38%) and kidney (creatinine, 88%) functions improved by oils mixtures orally administration compared with the control group. LDL, triglyceride and cholesterol were reduced by 47, 33 and 21% compared with the control group, respectively. Thus, mixture oil administration (thyme and garlic at the ratio of 1:1, 2 ml/goat/day) improved growth (10%), antioxidant status (MDA 50%), liver (AST, 33% and ALT, 38%), kidney function (creatinine, 88%), the FCR (17.4%) and net farm income (21%), of Damascus goats.

References

Nudda A, Cannas A, Correddu F, Atzori A, Lunesu M, Battacone G . Sheep and Goats Respond Differently to Feeding Strategies Directed to Improve the Fatty Acid Profile of Milk Fat. Animals (Basel). 2020; 10(8). PMC: 7459846. DOI: 10.3390/ani10081290. View

RIVLIN R . Historical perspective on the use of garlic. J Nutr. 2001; 131(3s):951S-4S. DOI: 10.1093/jn/131.3.951S. View

Van Soest P, Robertson J, Lewis B . Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J Dairy Sci. 1991; 74(10):3583-97. DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2. View

Vakili A, Khorrami B, Danesh Mesgaran M, Parand E . The effects of thyme and cinnamon essential oils on performance, rumen fermentation and blood metabolites in holstein calves consuming high concentrate diet. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci. 2014; 26(7):935-44. PMC: 4093501. DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12636. View

Aengwanich W, Suttajit M . Effect of polyphenols extracted from Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) seed coat on physiological changes, heterophil/lymphocyte ratio, oxidative stress and body weight of broilers (Gallus domesticus) under chronic heat stress. Anim Sci J. 2010; 81(2):264-70. DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-0929.2009.00736.x. View

Fachini-Queiroz F, Kummer R, Estevao-Silva C, de Barros Carvalho M, Cunha J, Grespan R . Effects of Thymol and Carvacrol, Constituents of Thymus vulgaris L. Essential Oil, on the Inflammatory Response. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012; 2012:657026. PMC: 3418667. DOI: 10.1155/2012/657026. View

Yang W, Ametaj B, Benchaar C, Beauchemin K . Dose response to cinnamaldehyde supplementation in growing beef heifers: ruminal and intestinal digestion. J Anim Sci. 2009; 88(2):680-8. DOI: 10.2527/jas.2008-1652. View

Amagase H, Petesch B, Matsuura H, Kasuga S, Itakura Y . Intake of garlic and its bioactive components. J Nutr. 2001; 131(3s):955S-62S. DOI: 10.1093/jn/131.3.955S. View

Sharpe L, Brown A . Controlling cholesterol synthesis beyond 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR). J Biol Chem. 2013; 288(26):18707-15. PMC: 3696645. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.R113.479808. View

10.

Burt S . Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods--a review. Int J Food Microbiol. 2004; 94(3):223-53. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.03.022. View

11.

Roeschlau P, BERNT E, Gruber W . Enzymatic determination of total cholesterol in serum. Z Klin Chem Klin Biochem. 1974; 12(5):226. View

12.

Trombetta D, Castelli F, Sarpietro M, Venuti V, Cristani M, Daniele C . Mechanisms of antibacterial action of three monoterpenes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005; 49(6):2474-8. PMC: 1140516. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.49.6.2474-2478.2005. View

13.

Zhong R, Xiang H, Cheng L, Zhao C, Wang F, Zhao X . Effects of Feeding Garlic Powder on Growth Performance, Rumen Fermentation, and the Health Status of Lambs Infected by Gastrointestinal Nematodes. Animals (Basel). 2019; 9(3). PMC: 6466378. DOI: 10.3390/ani9030102. View

14.

Herman J, Mueller N, Figueiredo H . Role of GABA and glutamate circuitry in hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical stress integration. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004; 1018:35-45. DOI: 10.1196/annals.1296.004. View

15.

Waller P . Management and control of nematode parasites of small ruminants in the face of total anthelmintic failure. Trop Biomed. 2006; 21(2):7-13. View

16.

Wanapat M, Kang S, Khejornsart P, Wanapat S . Effects of plant herb combination supplementation on rumen fermentation and nutrient digestibility in beef cattle. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci. 2014; 26(8):1127-36. PMC: 4093230. DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13013. View

17.

Fahey J, MCKELVEY E . QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF SERUM IMMUNOGLOBULINS IN ANTIBODY-AGAR PLATES. J Immunol. 1965; 94:84-90. View

18.

Sallam S, Abdelgaleil S, Bueno I, Nasser M, Araujo R, Abdalla A . Effect of some essential oils on in vitro methane emission. Arch Anim Nutr. 2011; 65(3):203-14. DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2011.568275. View

19.

Zhong R, Li H, Fang Y, Sun H, Zhou D . Effects of dietary supplementation with green tea polyphenols on digestion and meat quality in lambs infected with Haemonchus contortus. Meat Sci. 2015; 105:1-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.02.003. View

20.

Kimbaris A, Kioulos E, Koliopoulos G, Polissiou M, Michaelakis A . Coactivity of sulfide ingredients: a new perspective of the larvicidal activity of garlic essential oil against mosquitoes. Pest Manag Sci. 2008; 65(3):249-54. DOI: 10.1002/ps.1678. View