Air Pollution, Greenspace Exposure and Risk of Parkinson's Disease: a Prospective Study of 441,462 Participants

Overview

Journal J Neurol

Specialty Neurology

Date 2024 Jun 7

PMID 38847847

Authors

Yanmei Feng

Mengjie Li

Xiaoyan Hao

Dongrui Ma

Mengnan Guo

Chunyan Zuo

Shuangjie Li

Yuanyuan Liang

Chenwei Hao

Zhiyun Wang

Yuemeng Sun

Shasha Qi

Shilei Sun

Changhe Shi

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: The current understandings of the relationship between air pollution (AP), greenspace exposure and Parkinson's Disease (PD) remain inconclusive.

Methods: We engaged 441,462 participants from the UK Biobank who were not diagnosed with PD. Utilizing Cox proportional hazard regression model, relationships between AP [nitrogen dioxide (NO), and nitrogen oxides (NO), particulate matter < 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter(PM), coarse particulate matter between 2.5 μm and 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter(PM), particulate matter < 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter(PM)], greenspace exposure, and PD risk were determined independently. Our analyses comprised three models, adjusted for covariates, and affirmed through six sensitivity analyses to bolster the robustness of our findings. Moreover, mediation analysis was deployed to discern the mediating effect of AP between greenspaces and PD.

Results: During a median follow-up of 12.23 years (5,574,293 person-years), there were 3,293 PD events. Each interquartile (IQR) increment in NO and PM concentrations were associated with 10% and 8% increase in PD onset risk, while the increases in NO, PM and PM were not associated with PD risk. Additionally, greenspace may safeguard by reducing NO and PM levels, with the effect mediated by NO and PM in greenspace-PD relationship.

Conclusion: Our findings indicate that an IQR increase in ambient NO and PM concentrations was associated with risk of PD development, while other pollutants (NO, PM and PM) were not associated with PD risk. Firstly, we find that augmented exposure to greenspace was associated with the lower PD risk by reducing NO and PM levels.

Citing Articles

The Effects of Green Spaces and Noise Exposure on the Risk of Ischemic Stroke: A Case-Control Study in Lebanon.

El Masri J, Finge H, Afyouni A, Baroud T, Ajaj N, Ghazi M Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2024; 21(10).

PMID: 39457355 PMC: 11506885. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21101382.

References

Gibb W, Lees A . The relevance of the Lewy body to the pathogenesis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1988; 51(6):745-52. PMC: 1033142. DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.51.6.745. View

Qin Z, Zhang L, Sun F, Fang X, Meng C, Tanner C . Health related quality of life in early Parkinson's disease: impact of motor and non-motor symptoms, results from Chinese levodopa exposed cohort. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2009; 15(10):767-71. DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2009.05.011. View

Leite Silva A, Goncalves de Oliveira R, Diogenes G, de Castro Aguiar M, Sallem C, Lima M . Premotor, nonmotor and motor symptoms of Parkinson's Disease: A new clinical state of the art. Ageing Res Rev. 2022; 84:101834. DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101834. View

Ascherio A, Schwarzschild M . The epidemiology of Parkinson's disease: risk factors and prevention. Lancet Neurol. 2016; 15(12):1257-1272. DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(16)30230-7. View

Tanner C, Kamel F, Ross G, Hoppin J, Goldman S, Korell M . Rotenone, paraquat, and Parkinson's disease. Environ Health Perspect. 2011; 119(6):866-72. PMC: 3114824. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1002839. View

Wei Y, Wang Y, Di Q, Choirat C, Wang Y, Koutrakis P . Short term exposure to fine particulate matter and hospital admission risks and costs in the Medicare population: time stratified, case crossover study. BMJ. 2019; 367:l6258. PMC: 6880251. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.l6258. View

Yitshak-Sade M, Nethery R, Schwartz J, Mealli F, Dominici F, Di Q . PM and hospital admissions among Medicare enrollees with chronic debilitating brain disorders. Sci Total Environ. 2020; 755(Pt 2):142524. PMC: 7749824. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142524. View

Lee H, Kim O, Jung J, Myung W, Kim S . Long-term exposure to particulate air pollution and incidence of Parkinson's disease: A nationwide population-based cohort study in South Korea. Environ Res. 2022; 212(Pt A):113165. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113165. View

Shi L, Wu X, Danesh Yazdi M, Braun D, Awad Y, Wei Y . Long-term effects of PM on neurological disorders in the American Medicare population: a longitudinal cohort study. Lancet Planet Health. 2020; 4(12):e557-e565. PMC: 7720425. DOI: 10.1016/S2542-5196(20)30227-8. View

10.

Nunez Y, Boehme A, Weisskopf M, Re D, Navas-Acien A, van Donkelaar A . Fine Particle Exposure and Clinical Aggravation in Neurodegenerative Diseases in New York State. Environ Health Perspect. 2021; 129(2):27003. PMC: 7869948. DOI: 10.1289/EHP7425. View

11.

Yuan X, Yang Y, Liu C, Tian Y, Xia D, Liu Z . Fine Particulate Matter Triggers α-Synuclein Fibrillization and Parkinson-like Neurodegeneration. Mov Disord. 2022; 37(9):1817-1830. DOI: 10.1002/mds.29181. View

12.

Cole-Hunter T, Zhang J, So R, Samoli E, Liu S, Chen J . Long-term air pollution exposure and Parkinson's disease mortality in a large pooled European cohort: An ELAPSE study. Environ Int. 2022; 171:107667. DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107667. View

13.

Flood-Garibay J, Angulo-Molina A, Mendez-Rojas M . Particulate matter and ultrafine particles in urban air pollution and their effect on the nervous system. Environ Sci Process Impacts. 2023; 25(4):704-726. DOI: 10.1039/d2em00276k. View

14.

Toro R, Downward G, van der Mark M, Brouwer M, Huss A, Peters S . Parkinson's disease and long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution: A matched case-control study in the Netherlands. Environ Int. 2019; 129:28-34. DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.04.069. View

15.

Rumrich I, Lin J, Korhonen A, Frohn L, Geels C, Brandt J . Long-term exposure to low-level particulate air pollution and Parkinson's disease diagnosis - A Finnish register-based study. Environ Res. 2023; 229:115944. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115944. View

16.

Salimi F, Hanigan I, Jalaludin B, Guo Y, Rolfe M, Heyworth J . Associations between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and Parkinson's disease prevalence: A cross-sectional study. Neurochem Int. 2019; 133:104615. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104615. View

17.

Zhao N, Pinault L, Toyib O, Vanos J, Tjepkema M, Cakmak S . Long-term ozone exposure and mortality from neurological diseases in Canada. Environ Int. 2021; 157:106817. DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106817. View

18.

Hu Y, Zhou C, Tan C, Liu J, Huang X, Liu X . The association between intermediate-term sulfur dioxide exposure and outpatient visits for Parkinson's disease: a time-series study in southwestern China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023; 30(44):99694-99703. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29408-6. View

19.

Racette B, Nelson G, Dlamini W, Prathibha P, Turner J, Ushe M . Severity of parkinsonism associated with environmental manganese exposure. Environ Health. 2021; 20(1):27. PMC: 7962371. DOI: 10.1186/s12940-021-00712-3. View

20.

Ray Dorsey E, Okun M, Tanner C . Bad Air and Parkinson Disease-The Fog May Be Lifting. JAMA Neurol. 2021; 78(7):793-795. DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.0863. View