Pre-exercise Hot Water Immersion Increased Circulatory Heat Shock Proteins but Did Not Alter Muscle Damage Markers or Endurance Capacity After Eccentric Exercise

Pre-exercise passive heating attenuates muscle damage caused by eccentric exercise in rats where the induction of heat shock proteins (HSPs) confers a myoprotective effect. We investigated whether pre-exercise hot water immersion (HWI) confers similar benefits in humans. Eleven recreational male athletes were immersed in 41°C water up to 60 min or until rectal temperatures reached 39.5°C. After a 6 h rest, the participants performed an eccentric downhill run for 1 h at -4% gradient to induce muscle damage. An endurance capacity test at 75% VO was conducted 18 h later. The control trial was similar except that participants were immersed at 34°C. Blood samples were collected to assess HSPs levels, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase activities. Plasma eHSP70 was higher post-immersion in HWI trials (1.3 ± 0.4 vs 1.1 ± 0.4;  = 0.005). Plasma eHSP27 was higher before ( = 0.049) and after ( = 0.015) endurance test in HWI. Leukocytic p-HSP27 was increased 18 h after HWI (0.97 ± 0.14 vs 0.67 ± 0.11;  = 0.04). Creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase activities were increased by 3-fold and 1.5-fold, respectively, after endurance test in HWI but did not differ across trials ( > 0.05). Mean heart rates were higher during eccentric run and endurance test in HWI as compared to control ( < 0.05). Endurance capacity was similar between trials (57.3 ± 11.5 min vs 55.0 ± 13.5 min;  = 0.564). Pre-exercise heating increased the expression of plasma eHSPs and leukocytic p-HSP27 but did not reduce muscle damage nor enhance endurance capacity.