Child-related Factors Associated with Depressive Symptoms Among Mothers of School-going Children in Urban Bangladesh: A Cross-sectional Study

Overview

Journal PLoS One

Specialties General Medicine
Science

Date 2024 May 29

PMID 38809912

Authors

Sharmin Sultana

Faisal Muhammad

A B M Alauddin Chowdhury

Sabuj Kanti Mistry

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to identify the child-related factors associated with depressive symptoms among mothers of school-going children in Dhaka city of Bangladesh.

Methods: The study followed a cross-sectional design and was conducted between June and December 2019 among mothers of school-going children from Dhaka City, Bangladesh. A multistage sampling technique was adopted, and a total of 324 mothers of school-going children studying in the same school for at least six months were selected. Depressive symptoms of mothers were measured using a 20-item Self-Rating Depression Scale weighted to 100 percent, with 25-49 categorized as no depression and ≥ 50 as having depression. A binary logistic regression model was executed to identify the child-related factors associated with depressive symptoms among mothers. All statistical analyses were performed using the statistical software, Stata (Version 14.0).

Results: More than half of the participants (54.3%) were aged 40 years or above and had up to HSC level education (52.5%). The majority of the participants were homemakers (67.0%), mothers of a girl child (53.1%), and had a family income of 50,000 BDT or more (52.8%). Adjusted analyses revealed that the mother's depressive symptoms were associated with their child's frequent complaints of headaches or stomach aches (aOR = 13.19, 95% CI 3.03-57.37), having an injury (aOR = 4.05, 95% CI 1.44-11.41), and unfriendly relationship with mothers (aOR = 21.46, 95% CI 5.04-91.28).

Conclusion: The present study highlighted several child-related factors that are associated with depressive symptoms among mothers that need to be considered while designing any intervention to address depressive symptoms among mothers of school-going children. It is also important to counsel mothers and fathers of the children about the importance of having a sound mother-child relationship while addressing depressive symptoms among mothers.

Citing Articles

Association between depressive symptoms of mothers and eating behaviors of school-going children in Urban Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study.

Sultana S, Muhammad F, Chowdhury A, Tasnim T, Haque M, Hasan BakiBillah A BMC Womens Health. 2023; 23(1):437.

PMID: 37596580 PMC: 10439587. DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02584-w.

References

Wulsin L, Somoza E, Heck J, Bauer L . Prevalence of depression among mothers of young children in Honduras. Int J Psychiatry Med. 2010; 40(3):259-71. DOI: 10.2190/PM.40.3.c. View

Dave S, Petersen I, Sherr L, Nazareth I . Incidence of maternal and paternal depression in primary care: a cohort study using a primary care database. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2010; 164(11):1038-44. DOI: 10.1001/archpediatrics.2010.184. View

Sultana S, Zaman S, Chowdhury A, Hasan I, Haque M, Hossain M . Prevalence and factors associated with depression among the mothers of school-going children in Dhaka city, Bangladesh: A multi stage sampling-based study. Heliyon. 2021; 7(7):e07493. PMC: 8353297. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07493. View

Lepine J . Epidemiology, burden, and disability in depression and anxiety. J Clin Psychiatry. 2001; 62 Suppl 13:4-10; discussion 11-2. View

Al-Eithan M, Robert A, Al-Saeed A . Mood problems of mothers with disabled children in Saudi Arabia. A preliminary prospective study. Saudi Med J. 2010; 31(10):1161-5. View

Bechtiger L, Steinhoff A, Dollar J, Halliday S, Keane S, Calkins S . Pathways from maternal depressive symptoms to children's academic performance in adolescence: A 13-year prospective-longitudinal study. Child Dev. 2021; 93(2):388-404. PMC: 8930421. DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13685. View

Prentice D, Otaibi B, Stetter C, Kunselman A, Ural S . The Association Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Postpartum Depression. Front Glob Womens Health. 2022; 3:898765. PMC: 9183059. DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2022.898765. View

Hill R, Flanagan J . The Maternal-Infant Bond: Clarifying the Concept. Int J Nurs Knowl. 2019; 31(1):14-18. DOI: 10.1111/2047-3095.12235. View

Lutkiewicz K, Bieleninik L, Cieslak M, Bidzan M . Maternal-Infant Bonding and Its Relationships with Maternal Depressive Symptoms, Stress and Anxiety in the Early Postpartum Period in a Polish Sample. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17(15). PMC: 7432717. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155427. View

10.

Joas J, Mohler E . Maternal Bonding in Early Infancy Predicts Childrens' Social Competences in Preschool Age. Front Psychiatry. 2021; 12:687535. PMC: 8416914. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.687535. View

11.

Paulson J, Dauber S, Leiferman J . Individual and combined effects of postpartum depression in mothers and fathers on parenting behavior. Pediatrics. 2006; 118(2):659-68. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2005-2948. View

12.

Pincus H, Pettit A . The societal costs of chronic major depression. J Clin Psychiatry. 2001; 62 Suppl 6:5-9. View

13.

Bryant B, Mayou R, Wiggs L, Ehlers A, Stores G . Psychological consequences of road traffic accidents for children and their mothers. Psychol Med. 2004; 34(2):335-46. DOI: 10.1017/s0033291703001053. View

14.

Barcelos R, da Silva Dos Santos I, Matijasevich A, Anselmi L, Barros F . Maternal depression is associated with injuries in children aged 2-4 years: the Pelotas 2004 Birth Cohort. Inj Prev. 2018; 25(3):222-227. PMC: 6582736. DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2017-042641. View

15.

Karakas N, Dagli F . The importance of attachment in infant and influencing factors. Turk Pediatri Ars. 2019; 54(2):76-81. PMC: 6666355. DOI: 10.14744/TurkPediatriArs.2018.80269. View

16.

Nguyen P, Friedman J, Kak M, Menon P, Alderman H . Maternal depressive symptoms are negatively associated with child growth and development: Evidence from rural India. Matern Child Nutr. 2018; 14(4):e12621. PMC: 6175434. DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12621. View

17.

Powell R . Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory and the Zung Self Rating Depression Scale in adults with mental retardation. Ment Retard. 2003; 41(2):88-95. DOI: 10.1352/0047-6765(2003)041<0088:PPOTBD>2.0.CO;2. View

18.

Sultana S, Muhammad F, Chowdhury A, Tasnim T, Haque M, Hasan BakiBillah A . Association between depressive symptoms of mothers and eating behaviors of school-going children in Urban Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study. BMC Womens Health. 2023; 23(1):437. PMC: 10439587. DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02584-w. View

19.

Gioia M, Cerasa A, Muggeo V, Tonin P, Cajiao J, Aloi A . The relationship between maternal-fetus attachment and perceived parental bonds in pregnant women: Considering a possible mediating role of psychological distress. Front Psychol. 2023; 13:1095030. PMC: 9885764. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1095030. View

20.

Phelan K, Khoury J, Atherton H, Kahn R . Maternal depression, child behavior, and injury. Inj Prev. 2007; 13(6):403-8. PMC: 2598291. DOI: 10.1136/ip.2006.014571. View