The Myxozoans and Modulate Rainbow Trout Immune Responses: Quantitative Shotgun Proteomics at the Portals of Entry After Single and Co-infections

Overview

Journal Front Cell Infect Microbiol

Specialties Cell Biology
Infectious Diseases
Microbiology

Date 2024 May 28

PMID 38803570

Authors

Mona Saleh

Karin Hummel

Sarah Schlosser

Ebrahim Razzazi-Fazeli

Jerri L Bartholomew

Astrid Holzer

Christopher J Secombes

Mansour El-Matbouli

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Introduction: Little is known about the proteomic changes at the portals of entry in rainbow trout after infection with the myxozoan parasites, , and . Whirling disease (WD) is a severe disease of salmonids, caused by the myxosporean , while, proliferative kidney disease (PKD) is caused by , which instead belongs to the class Malacosporea. Climate change is providing more suitable conditions for myxozoan parasites lifecycle, posing a high risk to salmonid aquaculture and contributing to the decline of wild trout populations in North America and Europe. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide the first proteomic profiles of the host in the search for evasion strategies during single and coinfection with and .

Methods: One group of fish was initially infected with and another group with . After 30 days, half of the fish in each group were co-infected with the other parasite. Using a quantitative proteomic approach, we investigated proteomic changes in the caudal fins and gills of rainbow trout before and after co-infection.

Results: In the caudal fins, 16 proteins were differentially regulated post exposure to , whereas 27 proteins were differentially modulated in the gills of the infected rainbow trout post exposure to . After co-infection, 4 proteins involved in parasite recognition and the regulation of host immune responses were differentially modulated between the groups in the caudal fin. In the gills, 11 proteins involved in parasite recognition and host immunity, including 4 myxozoan proteins predicted to be virulence factors, were differentially modulated.

Discussion: The results of this study increase our knowledge on rainbow trout co-infections by myxozoan parasites and rainbow trout immune responses against myxozoans at the portals of entry, supporting a better understanding of these host-parasite interactions.

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