Physiological and Proteomic Responses of the Tetraploid L. to High CO Levels

The increase in atmospheric CO concentration is a significant factor in triggering global warming. CO is essential for plant photosynthesis, but excessive CO can negatively impact photosynthesis and its associated physiological and biochemical processes. The tetraploid L., a superior and improved variety, exhibits high tolerance to abiotic stress. In this study, we investigated the physiological and proteomic response mechanisms of the tetraploid under high CO treatment. The results of our physiological and biochemical analyses revealed that a 5% high concentration of CO hindered the growth and development of the tetraploid and caused severe damage to the leaves. Additionally, it significantly reduced photosynthetic parameters such as n, s, r, and i, as well as respiration. The levels of chlorophyll (Chl a and b) and the fluorescent parameters of chlorophyll (, /, P, and ) also significantly decreased. Conversely, the levels of ROS (HO and O) were significantly increased, while the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GR, and APX) were significantly decreased. Furthermore, high CO induced stomatal closure by promoting the accumulation of ROS and NO in guard cells. Through a proteomic analysis, we identified a total of 1652 DAPs after high CO treatment. GO functional annotation revealed that these DAPs were mainly associated with redox activity, catalytic activity, and ion binding. KEGG analysis showed an enrichment of DAPs in metabolic pathways, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, amino acid biosynthesis, and photosynthetic pathways. Overall, our study provides valuable insights into the adaptation mechanisms of the tetraploid to high CO.