Parl. Somatic Plants' Resistance to Depends on Pathogen-Induced Differential Transcriptomic Responses

Parl. is an economically and medicinally important plant, as well as a world-renowned horticultural species of the genus. Pine wilt disease is a dangerous condition that affects . However, understanding of the genetics underlying resistance to this disease is poor. Our findings reveal that 's resistance mechanism is based on differential transcriptome responses generated by the early presence of the pathogen , also known as the pine wood nematode. A transcriptome analysis (RNA-seq) was performed to examine gene expression in shoot tissues from resistant and susceptible trees. RNA samples were collected from the shoots of inoculated pines throughout the infection phases by the virulent AMA3 strain. The photosynthesis and plant-pathogen interaction pathways were significantly enriched in the first and third days after infection. Flavonoid biosynthesis was induced in response to late infestation (7 and 14 days post-infestation). , , protein, , , and genes implicated in phytohormone crosstalk (e.g., , , , and ) showed significant alterations between resistant and susceptible trees. Furthermore, salicylic acid was found to aid pine wood nematodes tolerate adverse conditions and boost reproduction, which may be significant for pine wood nematode colonization within pines. These findings provide new insights into how host defenses overcame pine wood nematode infection in the early stage, which could potentially contribute to the development of novel strategies for the control of pine wilt disease.