Mechanism and Clinical Role of TIMP-2 and IGFBP-7 in Cardiac Surgery-associated Acute Kidney Injury: A Review

Overview

Journal Medicine (Baltimore)

Specialty General Medicine

Date 2024 May 24

PMID 38788006

Authors

Jiajie Leng

Letai Li

Hongwen Tu

Yuxiang Luo

Zhenrui Cao

Kun Zhou

Syed M Musa Rizvi

Hongtao Tie

Yingjiu Jiang

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common postoperative complication, but there is still a lack of accurate biomarkers. Cardiac surgery-associated AKI is the most common cause of major-surgery-related AKI, and patients requiring renal replacement therapy have high mortality rates. Early diagnosis, intervention, and management are crucial for improving patient prognosis. However, diagnosing AKI based solely on changes in serum creatinine level and urine output is insufficient, as these changes often lag behind actual kidney damage, making early detection challenging. Biomarkers such as tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-7 (IGFBP-7) have been found to be significant predictors of moderate-to-severe AKI when combined with urine content analysis. This article reviews the mechanism of biomarkers TIMP-2 and IGFBP-7 in AKI and provides a comprehensive overview of the clinical effects of TIMP-2 and IGFBP-7 in cardiac surgery-associated AKI, including prediction, diagnosis, and progression.

References

Maia J, Rodrigues A, Dias A, Azevedo B, Leite-Moreira A, Lourenco A . Kidney Injury after Cardiac Surgery: Prevention-Associated Cost Reduction. Acta Med Port. 2023; 36(9):567-587. DOI: 10.20344/amp.18755. View

Joannidis M, Forni L, Haase M, Koyner J, Shi J, Kashani K . Use of Cell Cycle Arrest Biomarkers in Conjunction With Classical Markers of Acute Kidney Injury. Crit Care Med. 2019; 47(10):e820-e826. PMC: 6750148. DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000003907. View

Zarbock A, Kullmar M, Ostermann M, Lucchese G, Baig K, Cennamo A . Prevention of Cardiac Surgery-Associated Acute Kidney Injury by Implementing the KDIGO Guidelines in High-Risk Patients Identified by Biomarkers: The PrevAKI-Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial. Anesth Analg. 2021; 133(2):292-302. DOI: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000005458. View

Meersch M, Schmidt C, Van Aken H, Martens S, Rossaint J, Singbartl K . Urinary TIMP-2 and IGFBP7 as early biomarkers of acute kidney injury and renal recovery following cardiac surgery. PLoS One. 2014; 9(3):e93460. PMC: 3968141. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093460. View

Gunnerson K, Shaw A, Chawla L, Bihorac A, Al-Khafaji A, Kashani K . TIMP2•IGFBP7 biomarker panel accurately predicts acute kidney injury in high-risk surgical patients. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2016; 80(2):243-9. PMC: 4729326. DOI: 10.1097/TA.0000000000000912. View

Alam A, Jamil A, Van Zyl J, Medel-Martinez H, Bottiglieri T, Wasek B . Urinary Cell-Cycle Arrest Biomarkers as Early Predictors of Acute Kidney Injury After Ventricular Assist Device Implantation or Cardiac Transplantation. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2021; 36(8 Pt A):2303-2312. DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2021.10.013. View

Zhang B, You T, Liu Y, Li P . CIRC_0114428 INFLUENCES THE PROGRESSION OF SEPTIC ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY VIA REGULATING MIR-370-3P/TIMP2 AXIS. Shock. 2023; 59(3):505-513. DOI: 10.1097/SHK.0000000000002077. View

Khandelwal A, Satariano M, Doshi K, Aggarwal P, Avasarala V, Sood A . Management and Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury due to Burns: A Literature Review. J Burn Care Res. 2023; 45(2):323-337. DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irad121. View

Peerapornratana S, Fiorentino M, Priyanka P, Murugan R, Kellum J . Recovery after AKI: Effects on outcomes over 15 years. J Crit Care. 2023; 76:154280. PMC: 10238673. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2023.154280. View

10.

Chawla L, Bellomo R, Bihorac A, Goldstein S, Siew E, Bagshaw S . Acute kidney disease and renal recovery: consensus report of the Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) 16 Workgroup. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2017; 13(4):241-257. DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2017.2. View

11.

Kashani K, Al-Khafaji A, Ardiles T, Artigas A, Bagshaw S, Bell M . Discovery and validation of cell cycle arrest biomarkers in human acute kidney injury. Crit Care. 2013; 17(1):R25. PMC: 4057242. DOI: 10.1186/cc12503. View

12.

Yang Q, Zang H, Xing T, Zhang S, Li C, Zhang Y . Gypenoside XLIX protects against acute kidney injury by suppressing IGFBP7/IGF1R-mediated programmed cell death and inflammation. Phytomedicine. 2021; 85:153541. DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153541. View

13.

Esmeijer K, Schoe A, Ruhaak L, Hoogeveen E, Soonawala D, Romijn F . The predictive value of TIMP-2 and IGFBP7 for kidney failure and 30-day mortality after elective cardiac surgery. Sci Rep. 2021; 11(1):1071. PMC: 7806984. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80196-2. View

14.

Basu R, Wong H, Krawczeski C, Wheeler D, Manning P, Chawla L . Combining functional and tubular damage biomarkers improves diagnostic precision for acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014; 64(25):2753-62. PMC: 4310455. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.09.066. View

15.

Indriani S, Dewangga R, Adiarto S, Siddiq T, Dakota I, Andriantoro H . Acute Limb Ischemia after Cardiovascular Surgery: A Deadly Duo Combination with High Mortality. Int J Angiol. 2023; 32(3):158-164. PMC: 10421682. DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1761290. View

16.

Mayer T, Bolliger D, Scholz M, Reuthebuch O, Gregor M, Meier P . Urine Biomarkers of Tubular Renal Cell Damage for the Prediction of Acute Kidney Injury After Cardiac Surgery-A Pilot Study. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2017; 31(6):2072-2079. DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2017.04.024. View

17.

Irqsusi M, Beckers J, Wiesmann T, Talipov I, Ramzan R, Rastan A . Urinary TIMP-2 and IGFBP-7 protein levels as early predictors of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery. J Card Surg. 2022; 37(4):717-724. DOI: 10.1111/jocs.16200. View

18.

Emlet D, Pastor-Soler N, Marciszyn A, Wen X, Gomez H, Humphries 4th W . Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2: differential expression and secretion in human kidney tubule cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2016; 312(2):F284-F296. PMC: 5336590. DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00271.2016. View

19.

Krawczeski C, Goldstein S, Woo J, Wang Y, Piyaphanee N, Ma Q . Temporal relationship and predictive value of urinary acute kidney injury biomarkers after pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011; 58(22):2301-9. PMC: 3220882. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.08.017. View

20.

Tai Q, Yi H, Wei X, Xie W, Zeng O, Zheng D . The Accuracy of Urinary TIMP-2 and IGFBP7 for the Diagnosis of Cardiac Surgery-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Intensive Care Med. 2018; 35(10):1013-1025. DOI: 10.1177/0885066618807124. View