Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Pediatric Echocardiographic Nomograms for Coronary Artery Sizes in Caucasian Children and Comparison Among Major Nomograms

Overview

Journal Diagnostics (Basel)

Specialty Radiology

Date 2024 May 24

PMID 38786327

Authors

Massimiliano Cantinotti

Marco Scalese

Francesca Valeria Contini

Eliana Franchi

Cecilia Viacava

Giulia Corana

Alessandra Pizzuto

Marchese Pietro

Giuseppe Santoro

Nadia Assanta

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Although coronary artery nomograms in children have been published, data on Caucasian children are lacking. The aim of this study is to provide: (i) a full dataset of coronary artery diameters in healthy children and (ii) a comparison among major previous nomograms.

Materials And Methods: We prospectively evaluated 606 healthy subjects (age range, 1 days-<18 years; median age 8.7 years; 62.5% male). Coronary artery measurements in a short-axis view were performed. Age, heart rate, and body surface area (BSA) were used as independent variables in different analyses to predict the mean values of each measurement. To assess the accuracy of the predictive models of different studies, a Z-score calculator was created using Lopez's nomograms for comparison.

Results: The association with BSA was found to be stronger, and was used for normalization of our data. The best-fit models, satisfying the assumption of homoscedasticity and normality of residuals and showing the highest R scores, were logarithmic (ln[y] = a + b*ln[x]). Predicted values and Z-score boundaries by BSA are provided. Our ranges of normality are slightly lower than those, diverging from -0.22 to -0.59 Z-scores for the left main coronary artery and from -0.23 to -0.3 Z-scores for the right coronary artery.

Conclusions: We report a complete dataset of normal echocardiography coronary artery diameter (including new measures of the proximal origin) values in a large population of healthy children. Our data were statistically like those of north American nomograms.

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