Titanium Dioxide Nanotubes Applied to Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement Influence the Expression of Immunoinflammatory Markers: An in Vitro Study

Overview

Journal Heliyon

Specialty Social Sciences

Date 2024 May 24

PMID 38784540

Authors

Joao Pedro Rangel-Coelho

Pedro Viel Gogolla

Maria Davoli Meyer

Lucas Carvalho Simao

Bruna Carolina Costa

Renato Correa Viana Casarin

Mauro Pedrine Santamaria

Lucas Novaes Teixeira

Daiane Cristina Peruzzo

Paulo Noronha Lisboa-Filho

Francisco Humberto Nociti-Jr

Kamila Rosamilia Kantovitz

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Objectives: To assess the impact of different concentrations TiO-nt incorporated into a glass ionomer cement on the proliferation, mitochondrial metabolism, morphology, and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production of cultured fibroblasts (NIH/3T3), whether or not stimulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS-2 μg/mL, 24 h).

Methods: TiO-nt was added to KM (Ketac Molar EasyMix™, 3 %, 5 %, 7 % in weight); unblended KM was used as the control. The analyses included: Cell proliferation assay (n = 6; 24/48/72h); Mitochondrial metabolism assay (n = 6; 24/48/72h); Confocal laser microscopy (n = 3; 24/48/72h); Determination of biomarkers (IL-1β/IL-6/IL-10/VEGF/TNF) by using both multiplex technology (n = 6; 12/18 h) and the quantitative real-time PCR assay (q-PCR) (n = 3, 24/72/120 h). The data underwent analysis using both the Shapiro-Wilk and Levene tests, and by generalized linear models (α = 0.05).

Results: It demonstrated that cell proliferation increased over time, regardless of the presence of TiO-nt or LPS, and displayed a significant increase at 72 h; mitochondrial metabolism increased (p < 0.05), irrespective of exposure to LPS (p = 0.937); no cell morphology changes were observed; TiO-nt reverted the impact of KM on the secreted levels of the evaluated proteins and the gene expressions in the presence of LPS (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions: TiO-nt did not adversely affect the biological behavior of fibroblastic cells cultured on GIC discs.

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