Personalized Anesthesia and Precision Medicine: a Comprehensive Review of Genetic Factors, Artificial Intelligence, and Patient-specific Factors

Overview

Journal Front Med (Lausanne)

Specialty General Medicine

Date 2024 May 24

PMID 38784235

Authors

Shiyue Zeng

Qi Qing

Wei Xu

Simeng Yu

Mingzhi Zheng

Hongpei Tan

Junmin Peng

Jing Huang

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Precision medicine, characterized by the personalized integration of a patient's genetic blueprint and clinical history, represents a dynamic paradigm in healthcare evolution. The emerging field of personalized anesthesia is at the intersection of genetics and anesthesiology, where anesthetic care will be tailored to an individual's genetic make-up, comorbidities and patient-specific factors. Genomics and biomarkers can provide more accurate anesthetic protocols, while artificial intelligence can simplify anesthetic procedures and reduce anesthetic risks, and real-time monitoring tools can improve perioperative safety and efficacy. The aim of this paper is to present and summarize the applications of these related fields in anesthesiology by reviewing them, exploring the potential of advanced technologies in the implementation and development of personalized anesthesia, realizing the future integration of new technologies into clinical practice, and promoting multidisciplinary collaboration between anesthesiology and disciplines such as genomics and artificial intelligence.

Citing Articles

Interactions Between Anesthesia and Sleep: Optimizing Perioperative Care to Improve Sleep Quality and Surgical Recovery Outcomes.

Patel S, Ownby R Cureus. 2025; 17(2):e78505.

PMID: 39906641 PMC: 11793874. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.78505.

Informatics strategies for early detection and risk mitigation in pancreatic cancer patients.

Jin D, Khan N, Gu W, Lei H, Goel A, Chen T Neoplasia. 2025; 60:101129.

PMID: 39842383 PMC: 11763847. DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2025.101129.

Inhaled Anesthetics: Beyond the Operating Room.

Darwish D, Kumar P, Urs K, Dave S J Clin Med. 2025; 13(24.

PMID: 39768435 PMC: 11679802. DOI: 10.3390/jcm13247513.

Role of Adjuvants in Enhancing the Efficacy and Duration of Anesthesia Blocks: A Comprehensive Review.

Singhal A, Taksande K Cureus. 2024; 16(9):e69880.

PMID: 39439610 PMC: 11494027. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.69880.

Patient Safety in Anesthesiology: Progress, Challenges, and Prospects.

Harfaoui W, Alilou M, El Adib A, Zidouh S, Zentar A, Lekehal B Cureus. 2024; 16(9):e69540.

PMID: 39416553 PMC: 11482646. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.69540.

References

Waljee J, Rogers M, Alderman A . Decision aids and breast cancer: do they influence choice for surgery and knowledge of treatment options?. J Clin Oncol. 2007; 25(9):1067-73. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2006.08.5472. View

Brown C, Lewis A, Probert J, Parish M, Tian J, Mandal K . Perioperative Neurofilament Light Plasma Concentrations and Cognition before and after Cardiac Surgery: A Prospective Nested Cohort Study. Anesthesiology. 2022; 137(3):303-314. DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000004327. View

Stamer U, Stuber F, Muders T, Musshoff F . Respiratory depression with tramadol in a patient with renal impairment and CYP2D6 gene duplication. Anesth Analg. 2008; 107(3):926-9. DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e31817b796e. View

Zhao M, Ma J, Li M, Zhang Y, Jiang B, Zhao X . Cytochrome P450 Enzymes and Drug Metabolism in Humans. Int J Mol Sci. 2021; 22(23). PMC: 8657965. DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312808. View

James K, Clark M, Camp B, Kint C, Schols P, Batalov S . Partially automated whole-genome sequencing reanalysis of previously undiagnosed pediatric patients can efficiently yield new diagnoses. NPJ Genom Med. 2020; 5:33. PMC: 7419288. DOI: 10.1038/s41525-020-00140-1. View

Gu Y, Liang Z, Hagihira S . Use of Multiple EEG Features and Artificial Neural Network to Monitor the Depth of Anesthesia. Sensors (Basel). 2019; 19(11). PMC: 6603666. DOI: 10.3390/s19112499. View

Kuhnert B, Philipson E, PIMENTAL R, Kuhnert P . A prolonged chloroprocaine epidural block in a postpartum patient with abnormal pseudocholinesterase. Anesthesiology. 1982; 56(6):477-8. DOI: 10.1097/00000542-198206000-00017. View

Ball L, Hemmes S, Neto A, Bluth T, Canet J, Hiesmayr M . Intraoperative ventilation settings and their associations with postoperative pulmonary complications in obese patients. Br J Anaesth. 2018; 121(4):899-908. DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2018.04.021. View

Povoa P, Coelho L, Dal-Pizzol F, Ferrer R, Huttner A, Morris A . How to use biomarkers of infection or sepsis at the bedside: guide to clinicians. Intensive Care Med. 2023; 49(2):142-153. PMC: 9807102. DOI: 10.1007/s00134-022-06956-y. View

10.

Orellana Garcia L, Ehmann F, Hines P, Ritzhaupt A, Brand A . Biomarker and Companion Diagnostics-A Review of Medicinal Products Approved by the European Medicines Agency. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021; 8:753187. PMC: 8591033. DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.753187. View

11.

Ting D, Yim-Lui Cheung C, Lim G, Wei Tan G, Quang N, Gan A . Development and Validation of a Deep Learning System for Diabetic Retinopathy and Related Eye Diseases Using Retinal Images From Multiethnic Populations With Diabetes. JAMA. 2017; 318(22):2211-2223. PMC: 5820739. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2017.18152. View

12.

Angst M, Phillips N, Drover D, Tingle M, Ray A, Swan G . Pain sensitivity and opioid analgesia: a pharmacogenomic twin study. Pain. 2012; 153(7):1397-1409. PMC: 3377769. DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2012.02.022. View

13.

Monk T, Weldon B, Garvan C, Dede D, van der Aa M, Heilman K . Predictors of cognitive dysfunction after major noncardiac surgery. Anesthesiology. 2007; 108(1):18-30. DOI: 10.1097/01.anes.0000296071.19434.1e. View

14.

Rahimzadeh P, Safari S, Faiz S, Alavian S . Anesthesia for patients with liver disease. Hepat Mon. 2014; 14(7):e19881. PMC: 4080095. DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.19881. View

15.

Yuval J, Lee J, Wu F, Thompson H, Verheij F, Gupta H . Intraoperative opioids are associated with decreased recurrence rates in colon adenocarcinoma: a retrospective observational cohort study. Br J Anaesth. 2022; 129(2):172-181. PMC: 9465945. DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2022.04.024. View

16.

Kharasch E, Hankins D, Cox K . Clinical isoflurane metabolism by cytochrome P450 2E1. Anesthesiology. 1999; 90(3):766-71. DOI: 10.1097/00000542-199903000-00019. View

17.

Gulshan V, Peng L, Coram M, Stumpe M, Wu D, Narayanaswamy A . Development and Validation of a Deep Learning Algorithm for Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy in Retinal Fundus Photographs. JAMA. 2016; 316(22):2402-2410. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2016.17216. View

18.

Stamer U, Lehnen K, Hothker F, Bayerer B, Wolf S, Hoeft A . Impact of CYP2D6 genotype on postoperative tramadol analgesia. Pain. 2003; 105(1-2):231-8. DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3959(03)00212-4. View

19.

Lewis C, Parulkar S, Bebawy J, Sherwani S, Hogue C . Cerebral Neuromonitoring During Cardiac Surgery: A Critical Appraisal With an Emphasis on Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2018; 32(5):2313-2322. DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2018.03.032. View

20.

Gonsalves S, Dirksen R, Sangkuhl K, Pulk R, Alvarellos M, Vo T . Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) Guideline for the Use of Potent Volatile Anesthetic Agents and Succinylcholine in the Context of RYR1 or CACNA1S Genotypes. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2018; 105(6):1338-1344. PMC: 6513720. DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1319. View