Comparison of Atherogenic Indices for Predicting the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Southwest Iran: Results from the Hoveyzeh Cohort Study (HCS)

Overview

Journal Diabetol Metab Syndr

Publisher Biomed Central

Specialty Endocrinology

Date 2024 May 23

PMID 38783371

Authors

Hossein Babaahmadi-Rezaei

Maedeh Raeisizadeh

Vahid Zarezade

Kourosh Noemani

Ahmad Mashkournia

Hossein Ghaderi-Zefrehi

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk factors related to diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Given that early identification of MetS might decrease CVD risk, it is imperative to establish a simple and cost-effective method to identify individuals at risk of MetS. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between several atherogenic indices (including AIP, TyG index, non-HDL-C, LDL-c/HDL-c, and TC/HDL-c) and MetS, and to assess the ability of these indices to predict MetS.

Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted using baseline data from 9809 participants of the Hoveyzeh Cohort Study (HCS). MetS was defined based on the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). To examine the discriminatory abilities of each atherogenic indices in the identification of MetS, a receiver-operating characteristic curve was conducted. Logistic regression analysis was also performed to evaluate the relationship between atherogenic indices and MetS.

Results: All of the atherogenic indices including the TyG index, AIP, non-HDL-C, TC/HDL-c, and LDL-c/HDL-c were significantly higher in participants with MetS than in those without MetS. According to the ROC curve analysis, the TyG index revealed the highest area under the curve (0.79 and 0.85 in men and women, respectively), followed by the AIP (0.76 and 0.83 in men and women, respectively). The best cutoff values for the TyG index and AIP were 8.96 and 0.16 for men and 8.84 and 0.05 for women, respectively. The TyG index and AIP were also strongly associated with MetS.

Conclusion: Among the 5 atherogenic indices evaluated, the TyG index and AIP were strongly related to MetS. The TyG index also demonstrated superior discriminative ability compared to other atherogenic indices in predicting MetS.

Citing Articles

Association between the atherogenic index of plasma and long-term risk of type 2 diabetes: a 12-year cohort study based on the Japanese population.

Zhou Q, Wu Y, Li M Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2025; 24(1):50.

PMID: 39885511 PMC: 11783948. DOI: 10.1186/s12933-025-02605-y.

L-shaped relationship between atherogenic index of plasma with uric acid levels and hyperuricemia risk.

Huang J, Chen C, Jie C, Li R, Chen C Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024; 15:1461599.

PMID: 39717100 PMC: 11663671. DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1461599.

References

Li Y, Kao T, Chang P, Chen W, Wu L . Atherogenic index of plasma as predictors for metabolic syndrome, hypertension and diabetes mellitus in Taiwan citizens: a 9-year longitudinal study. Sci Rep. 2021; 11(1):9900. PMC: 8110777. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89307-z. View

Kang B, Yang Y, Lee E, Yang H, Kim H, Lim S . Triglycerides/glucose index is a useful surrogate marker of insulin resistance among adolescents. Int J Obes (Lond). 2017; 41(5):789-792. DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.14. View

Du T, Yuan G, Zhang M, Zhou X, Sun X, Yu X . Clinical usefulness of lipid ratios, visceral adiposity indicators, and the triglycerides and glucose index as risk markers of insulin resistance. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2014; 13:146. PMC: 4209231. DOI: 10.1186/s12933-014-0146-3. View

Rattanatham R, Tangpong J, Chatatikun M, Sun D, Kawakami F, Imai M . Assessment of eight insulin resistance surrogate indexes for predicting metabolic syndrome and hypertension in Thai law enforcement officers. PeerJ. 2023; 11:e15463. PMC: 10234272. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15463. View

Kitae A, Hashimoto Y, Hamaguchi M, Obora A, Kojima T, Fukui M . The Triglyceride and Glucose Index Is a Predictor of Incident Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019; 2019:5121574. PMC: 6800935. DOI: 10.1155/2019/5121574. View

Shin K, Kim Y . Usefulness Of Surrogate Markers Of Body Fat Distribution For Predicting Metabolic Syndrome In Middle-Aged And Older Korean Populations. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2019; 12:2251-2259. PMC: 6836308. DOI: 10.2147/DMSO.S217628. View

Kosmas C, Rodriguez Polanco S, Bousvarou M, Papakonstantinou E, Pena Genao E, Guzman E . The Triglyceride/High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) Ratio as a Risk Marker for Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease. Diagnostics (Basel). 2023; 13(5). PMC: 10001260. DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13050929. View

Li R, Li Q, Cui M, Yin Z, Li L, Zhong T . Clinical surrogate markers for predicting metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and elderly Chinese. J Diabetes Investig. 2017; 9(2):411-418. PMC: 5835482. DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12708. View

Sniderman A, Williams K, Contois J, Monroe H, McQueen M, de Graaf J . A meta-analysis of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B as markers of cardiovascular risk. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2011; 4(3):337-45. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.110.959247. View

10.

Jian L, Guo S, Ma R, He J, Rui D, Ding Y . Comparison of obesity-related indicators for identifying metabolic syndrome among normal-weight adults in rural Xinjiang, China. BMC Public Health. 2022; 22(1):1730. PMC: 9469584. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14122-8. View

11.

Cheraghian B, Hashemi S, Hosseini S, Poustchi H, Rahimi Z, Sarvandian S . Cohort profile: The Hoveyzeh Cohort Study (HCS): A prospective population-based study on non-communicable diseases in an Arab community of Southwest Iran. Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2021; 34:141. PMC: 7787022. DOI: 10.34171/mjiri.34.141. View

12.

Mirr M, Skrypnik D, Bogdanski P, Owecki M . Newly proposed insulin resistance indexes called TyG-NC and TyG-NHtR show efficacy in diagnosing the metabolic syndrome. J Endocrinol Invest. 2021; 44(12):2831-2843. PMC: 8572197. DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01608-2. View

13.

Chiu T, Huang Y, Chiu H, Wu P, Chiou H, Huang J . Comparison of Various Obesity-Related Indices for Identification of Metabolic Syndrome: A Population-Based Study from Taiwan Biobank. Diagnostics (Basel). 2020; 10(12). PMC: 7763700. DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10121081. View

14.

Catapano A, Reiner Z, De Backer G, Graham I, Taskinen M, Wiklund O . ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias The Task Force for the management of dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS). Atherosclerosis. 2011; 217(1):3-46. DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.06.028. View

15.

Seo I, Son D, Lee H, Lee Y . Non-HDL cholesterol as a predictor for incident type 2 diabetes in community-dwelling adults: longitudinal findings over 12 years. Transl Res. 2022; 243:52-59. DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.12.008. View

16.

Cure E, Icli A, Uslu A, Sakiz D, Cumhur Cure M, Baykara R . Atherogenic index of plasma: a useful marker for subclinical atherosclerosis in ankylosing spondylitis : AIP associate with cIMT in AS. Clin Rheumatol. 2018; 37(5):1273-1280. DOI: 10.1007/s10067-018-4027-0. View

17.

Zhao Y, Sun H, Zhang W, Xi Y, Shi X, Yang Y . Elevated triglyceride-glucose index predicts risk of incident ischaemic stroke: The Rural Chinese cohort study. Diabetes Metab. 2021; 47(4):101246. DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2021.101246. View

18.

Zheng R, Mao Y . Triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index as a predictor of incident hypertension: a 9-year longitudinal population-based study. Lipids Health Dis. 2017; 16(1):175. PMC: 5598027. DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0562-y. View

19.

DeFronzo R, Ferrannini E, Groop L, Henry R, Herman W, Holst J . Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2016; 1:15019. DOI: 10.1038/nrdp.2015.19. View

20.

Alberti K, Eckel R, Grundy S, Zimmet P, Cleeman J, Donato K . Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation;.... Circulation. 2009; 120(16):1640-5. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644. View