Double-duty Isomerases: a Case Study of Isomerization-coupled Enzymatic Catalysis

Overview

Journal Trends Biochem Sci

Specialty Biochemistry

Date 2024 May 17

PMID 38760195

Authors

Yasmeen J Solano

Philip D Kiser

Affiliations

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Abstract

Enzymes can usually be unambiguously assigned to one of seven classes specifying the basic chemistry of their catalyzed reactions. Less frequently, two or more reaction classes are catalyzed by a single enzyme within one active site. Two examples are an isomerohydrolase and an isomero-oxygenase that catalyze isomerization-coupled reactions crucial for production of vision-supporting 11-cis-retinoids. In these enzymes, isomerization is obligately paired and mechanistically intertwined with a second reaction class. A handful of other enzymes carrying out similarly coupled isomerization reactions have been described, some of which have been subjected to detailed structure-function analyses. Herein we review these rarefied enzymes, focusing on the mechanistic and structural basis of their reaction coupling with the goal of revealing catalytic commonalities.

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