Association Between Weight-adjusted-waist Index and Periodontitis Risk: A Cross-sectional Study

Overview

Journal PLoS One

Specialties General Medicine
Science

Date 2024 May 16

PMID 38753859

Authors

Xinyu Wu

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: There may be an association between obesity and periodontitis, yet no studies have investigated the correlation between the new obesity indicator, the weight-adjusted-waist Index (WWI), and periodontitis.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the association between the novel obesity index, weight-adjusted-waist index, and periodontitis.

Subjects And Methods: WWI was utilized to assess obesity, through measuring waist circumference (WC) and body weight. We analyzed cross-sectional NHANES data from 2009 to 2014 (1) using multivariate logistic regression to explore WWI's association with moderate/severe periodontitis; (2) conducting subgroup analyses and interaction tests; and (3) fitting smoothed curves to the age-stratified logistic regression model.

Results: The study involved 11,256 individuals, with 48.55% having moderate/severe periodontitis. Upon adjusting for all relevant variables, a significant correlation between WWI and moderate/severe periodontitis was observed (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.01-1.17). Compared to the lowest quartile of WWI, there was a significant increase in the likelihood of moderate/severe periodontitis in Quartile 2 (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.06-1.39) and Quartile 3 (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.07-1.42). Subgroup analyses for gender, age, education, smoking, and diabetes highlighted a positive association between WWI and moderate/severe periodontitis in all subgroups, except for the diabetic population and individuals aged 65 years and older.

Conclusion: The analysis revealed a positive correlation between WWI, a novel obesity index, and moderate/severe periodontitis prevalence through diverse modeling approaches.

Citing Articles

Relationship between three body obesity indicators, WWI, BMI, WtHR, and periodontitis.

Chen X, Zeng C, Chen X, Sun J, Jin F, Chen Z Sci Rep. 2025; 15(1):697.

PMID: 39753692 PMC: 11699209. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-83963-7.

Association between cardiometabolic index (CMI) and periodontitis in US adults: analysis of NHANES data (2009-2014).

Chang X, Song J, Du X, Sun J, Chen X, Zhang J BMC Oral Health. 2024; 24(1):1346.

PMID: 39506722 PMC: 11539322. DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-05119-3.

References

Ward Z, Bleich S, Cradock A, Barrett J, Giles C, Flax C . Projected U.S. State-Level Prevalence of Adult Obesity and Severe Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2019; 381(25):2440-2450. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMsa1909301. View

Hosoda A, Komagamine Y, Kanazawa M, Hama Y, Kojo A, Minakuchi S . The Association between Dietary Habits and Periodontal Disease in Young Adult Women. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2021; 67(1):48-56. DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.67.48. View

Martinez-Herrera M, Silvestre-Rangil J, Silvestre F . Association between obesity and periodontal disease. A systematic review of epidemiological studies and controlled clinical trials. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017; 22(6):e708-e715. PMC: 5813989. DOI: 10.4317/medoral.21786. View

Soran H, Hama S, Yadav R, Durrington P . HDL functionality. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2012; 23(4):353-66. DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0b013e328355ca25. View

Li Q, Qie R, Qin P, Zhang D, Guo C, Zhou Q . Association of weight-adjusted-waist index with incident hypertension: The Rural Chinese Cohort Study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2020; 30(10):1732-1741. DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.05.033. View

Chapple I, Bouchard P, Cagetti M, Campus G, Carra M, Cocco F . Interaction of lifestyle, behaviour or systemic diseases with dental caries and periodontal diseases: consensus report of group 2 of the joint EFP/ORCA workshop on the boundaries between caries and periodontal diseases. J Clin Periodontol. 2017; 44 Suppl 18:S39-S51. DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12685. View

Albandar J, Susin C, Hughes F . Manifestations of systemic diseases and conditions that affect the periodontal attachment apparatus: Case definitions and diagnostic considerations. J Clin Periodontol. 2018; 45 Suppl 20:S171-S189. DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12947. View

Khan S, Barrington G, Bettiol S, Barnett T, Crocombe L . Is overweight/obesity a risk factor for periodontitis in young adults and adolescents?: a systematic review. Obes Rev. 2018; 19(6):852-883. DOI: 10.1111/obr.12668. View

Falagas M, Kompoti M . Obesity and infection. Lancet Infect Dis. 2006; 6(7):438-46. DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(06)70523-0. View

10.

Kim J, Choi J, Vella C, Criqui M, Allison M, Kim N . Associations between Weight-Adjusted Waist Index and Abdominal Fat and Muscle Mass: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Diabetes Metab J. 2022; 46(5):747-755. PMC: 9532169. DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2021.0294. View

11.

Ladabaum U, Mannalithara A, Myer P, Singh G . Obesity, abdominal obesity, physical activity, and caloric intake in US adults: 1988 to 2010. Am J Med. 2014; 127(8):717-727.e12. PMC: 4524881. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.02.026. View

12.

Zhao P, Xu A, Leung W . Obesity, Bone Loss, and Periodontitis: The Interlink. Biomolecules. 2022; 12(7). PMC: 9313439. DOI: 10.3390/biom12070865. View

13.

Javed A, Jumean M, Murad M, Okorodudu D, Kumar S, Somers V . Diagnostic performance of body mass index to identify obesity as defined by body adiposity in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Obes. 2014; 10(3):234-44. DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.242. View

14.

Lin Y, Liang Z, Zhang A, Xu N, Pei X, Wang N . Relationship Between Weight-Adjusted Waist Index and Osteoporosis in the Senile in the United States from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2017-2020. J Clin Densitom. 2023; 26(2):101361. DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2023.02.002. View

15.

Ding C, Shi Y, Li J, Li M, Hu L, Rao J . Association of weight-adjusted-waist index with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in China: A prospective cohort study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2022; 32(5):1210-1217. DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.01.033. View

16.

Liu Y, Liu X, Zhang S, Zhu Q, Fu X, Chen H . Association of Anthropometric Indices With the Development of Diabetes Among Hypertensive Patients in China: A Cohort Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021; 12:736077. PMC: 8525507. DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.736077. View

17.

Tran D, Gay I, Du X, Fu Y, Bebermeyer R, Neumann A . Assessment of partial-mouth periodontal examination protocols for periodontitis surveillance. J Clin Periodontol. 2014; 41(9):846-52. PMC: 4318801. DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12285. View

18.

Reeves A, Rees J, Schiff M, Hujoel P . Total body weight and waist circumference associated with chronic periodontitis among adolescents in the United States. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2006; 160(9):894-9. DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.160.9.894. View

19.

Fang H, Xie F, Li K, Li M, Wu Y . Association between weight-adjusted-waist index and risk of cardiovascular diseases in United States adults: a cross-sectional study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2023; 23(1):435. PMC: 10474739. DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03452-z. View

20.

Lingvay I, Sumithran P, Cohen R, le Roux C . Obesity management as a primary treatment goal for type 2 diabetes: time to reframe the conversation. Lancet. 2021; 399(10322):394-405. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01919-X. View