Invasive Pneumococcal Serotype 3 Infection Following Pneumococcal Vaccination in a Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Patient: A Case Report

Overview

Journal IDCases

Specialty Infectious Diseases

Date 2024 May 3

PMID 38699526

Authors

Kazuhiro Ishikawa

Nobuyoshi Mori

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Given the high mortality rate of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients, vaccination is recommended. These recipients respond to most vaccines; however, their immune response is typically weaker during the first months or years after transplantation, compared with that of healthy individuals. Here, we report a case of IPD with serotype 3 pneumonia and empyema in an HSCT recipient who had received three doses of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) and one dose of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine; furthermore, the recipient had no relapse, graft-versus-host disease, or use of immunosuppressive agents after allogeneic HSCT for acute myeloid leukemia. Moreover, we discussed the characteristics of serotype 3 , a case series of breakthrough infections with in HSCT recipients who received pneumococcal vaccines, and the potential implications for the upcoming PCV15 and PCV20 vaccines for serotype 3.

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