» Articles » PMID: 38699263

Programmable Synthesis of Organic Cages with Reduced Symmetry

Overview
Journal Chem Sci
Specialty Chemistry
Date 2024 May 3
PMID 38699263
Authors
Affiliations
Soon will be listed here.
Abstract

Integrating symmetry-reducing methods into self-assembly methodology is desirable to efficiently realise the full potential of molecular cages as hosts and catalysts. Although techniques have been explored for metal organic (coordination) cages, rational strategies to develop low symmetry organic cages remain limited. In this article, we describe rules to program the shape and symmetry of organic cage cavities by designing edge pieces that bias the orientation of the amide linkages. We apply the rules to synthesise cages with well-defined cavities, supported by evidence from crystallography, spectroscopy and modelling. Access to low-symmetry, self-assembled organic cages such as those presented, will widen the current bottleneck preventing study of organic enzyme mimics, and provide synthetic tools for novel functional material design.

Citing Articles

Spherical Amides with Symmetry: Improved Synthetic Approach and Structural/Optical Analysis.

Koike D, Masu H, Uno H, Kikkawa S, Hikawa H, Azumaya I Molecules. 2025; 30(5).

PMID: 40076300 PMC: 11901929. DOI: 10.3390/molecules30051074.


Beyond symmetric self-assembly and effective molarity: unlocking functional enzyme mimics with robust organic cages.

Andrews K Beilstein J Org Chem. 2025; 21:421-443.

PMID: 40041197 PMC: 11878132. DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.21.30.


Introducing chirality in porous organic cages through solid-state interactions.

Wolpert E, Jelfs K Chem Sci. 2024; .

PMID: 39328199 PMC: 11420649. DOI: 10.1039/d4sc04430d.


Enzyme-like Acyl Transfer Catalysis in a Bifunctional Organic Cage.

Andrews K, Piskorz T, Horton P, Coles S J Am Chem Soc. 2024; 146(26):17887-17897.

PMID: 38914009 PMC: 11228979. DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03560.


Exploration of the polymorphic solid-state landscape of an amide-linked organic cage using computation and automation.

Shields C, Fellowes T, Slater A, Cooper A, Andrews K, Szczypinski F Chem Commun (Camb). 2024; 60(47):6023-6026.

PMID: 38775039 PMC: 11155718. DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01407c.

References
1.
Berardo E, Greenaway R, Turcani L, Alston B, Bennison M, Miklitz M . Computationally-inspired discovery of an unsymmetrical porous organic cage. Nanoscale. 2018; 10(47):22381-22388. DOI: 10.1039/c8nr06868b. View

2.
Mastalerz M . Porous Shape-Persistent Organic Cage Compounds of Different Size, Geometry, and Function. Acc Chem Res. 2018; 51(10):2411-2422. DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00298. View

3.
Mitra T, Jelfs K, Schmidtmann M, Ahmed A, Chong S, Adams D . Molecular shape sorting using molecular organic cages. Nat Chem. 2013; 5(4):276-81. DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1550. View

4.
Serrano-Molina D, Montoro-Garcia C, Mayoral M, de Juan A, Gonzalez-Rodriguez D . Self-Sorting Governed by Chelate Cooperativity. J Am Chem Soc. 2022; 144(12):5450-5460. PMC: 8972263. DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13295. View

5.
Rebek Jr J . Molecular behavior in small spaces. Acc Chem Res. 2009; 42(10):1660-8. DOI: 10.1021/ar9001203. View