Impact of Sample Type on D-Dimer Screening

Overview

Journal Malays J Med Sci

Specialty General Medicine

Date 2024 May 2

PMID 38694586

Authors

Ellies Tunjung Sari Maulidyanti

Nur Vita Purwaningsih

Ainutajriani Ainutajriani

Rahma Widyastuti

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: The quality of laboratory test results depends on various factors, including sample type selection. Blood samples, such as whole blood, plasma and serum are commonly used for most clinical laboratory examinations. D-dimer parameters are frequently analysed in haematology laboratories and serve as biomarkers for coagulation activation and fibrinolysis. This study aimed to assess the impact of using different sample types on the quality of D-dimer test results.

Method: An observational analytical method was used. D-dimer examination was performed using the fluorescent lateral flow immunoassay method. The study sample consisted of 26 participants aged between 18 years old and 22 years old who had no blood disorders. Whole blood and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) plasma samples were used for the examination of D-dimer levels.

Results: D-dimer levels in 26 participants using whole blood samples had a mean value of 0.23 mg/L (230 ng/mL), while plasma samples yielded a mean value of 0.14 mg/L (140 ng/mL). D-dimer levels obtained from whole blood samples were higher than plasma samples but remained within the normal range of 0 mg/L-0.5 mg/L (0 ng/mL-500 ng/mL).

Conclusion: The results showed that whole blood samples were more practical than plasma samples. Nevertheless, plasma samples gave results within the normal range of D-dimer values.

References

Jones A, Miller J, Jansen J, Wang H . Whole Blood for Resuscitation of Traumatic Hemorrhagic Shock in Adults. Adv Emerg Nurs J. 2021; 43(4):344-354. PMC: 8555430. DOI: 10.1097/TME.0000000000000376. View

Leeman M, Choi J, Hansson S, Storm M, Nilsson L . Proteins and antibodies in serum, plasma, and whole blood-size characterization using asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4). Anal Bioanal Chem. 2018; 410(20):4867-4873. PMC: 6061777. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1127-2. View

Decru B, Van Elslande J, Weemaes M, Houben E, Empsen I, Andre E . Comparison of the diagnostic performance with whole blood and plasma of four rapid antibody tests for SARS-CoV-2. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2020; 58(10):e197-e199. DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2020-0817. View

Lippi G, Chance J, Church S, Dazzi P, Fontana R, Giavarina D . Preanalytical quality improvement: from dream to reality. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2011; 49(7):1113-26. DOI: 10.1515/CCLM.2011.600. View

Johnson E, Schell J, Rodgers G . The D-dimer assay. Am J Hematol. 2019; 94(7):833-839. DOI: 10.1002/ajh.25482. View

Poudel A, Poudel Y, Adhikari A, Aryal B, Dangol D, Bajracharya T . D-dimer as a biomarker for assessment of COVID-19 prognosis: D-dimer levels on admission and its role in predicting disease outcome in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. PLoS One. 2021; 16(8):e0256744. PMC: 8389366. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256744. View

Cho J, Kim J, Lee D . Correlation Between D-Dimer Level and Deep Venous Thrombosis in Patients With Acute Spinal Cord Injuries. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2020; 99(7):613-616. PMC: 7292501. DOI: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000001383. View

Thijsen A, Masser B, Gemelli C, Davison T . Trends in return behavior after an adverse event in Australian whole blood and plasma donors. Transfusion. 2019; 59(10):3157-3163. DOI: 10.1111/trf.15475. View

Roberts N, James S, Delaney M, Fitzmaurice C . The global need and availability of blood products: a modelling study. Lancet Haematol. 2019; 6(12):e606-e615. DOI: 10.1016/S2352-3026(19)30200-5. View

10.

Komarova T, McKeating D, Perkins A, Tinggi U . Trace Element Analysis in Whole Blood and Plasma for Reference Levels in a Selected Queensland Population, Australia. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021; 18(5). PMC: 7967308. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052652. View

11.

Stefan-van Staden R, Popa-Tudor I, Badulescu M, Anghel A . Fast screening method for molecular recognition of islet amyloid polypeptide from whole blood samples collected from diabetic patients with disposable stochastic sensors obtained by nanolayer, and nanolayer by nanolayer deposition using cold plasma. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2020; 412(17):4135-4141. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02646-0. View

12.

Tasic N, Paixao T, Goncalves L . Biosensing of D-dimer, making the transition from the central hospital laboratory to bedside determination. Talanta. 2019; 207:120270. DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120270. View

13.

Wang Y, Nunna B, Talukder N, Etienne E, Lee E . Blood Plasma Self-Separation Technologies during the Self-Driven Flow in Microfluidic Platforms. Bioengineering (Basel). 2021; 8(7). PMC: 8301051. DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8070094. View

14.

Simundic A, Baird G, Cadamuro J, Costelloe S, Lippi G . Managing hemolyzed samples in clinical laboratories. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 2019; 57(1):1-21. DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2019.1664391. View

15.

Biccire F, Farcomeni A, Gaudio C, Pignatelli P, Tanzilli G, Pastori D . D-dimer for risk stratification and antithrombotic treatment management in acute coronary syndrome patients: asystematic review and metanalysis. Thromb J. 2021; 19(1):102. PMC: 8684263. DOI: 10.1186/s12959-021-00354-y. View

16.

Bai Y, Luo S, Liu S, Gong L, Zhong P, Wang Z . Clinical Features Associated with 'Normal Range' Fibrin D-Dimer Levels in Atrial Fibrillation Patients with Left Atrial Thrombus. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2022; 28:10760296221133380. PMC: 9768829. DOI: 10.1177/10760296221133380. View

17.

Wang R, Zhang H, Ding P, Jiao Q . The accuracy of D-dimer in the diagnosis of periprosthetic infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orthop Surg Res. 2022; 17(1):99. PMC: 8848660. DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-03001-y. View

18.

Tang R, Lu Y, Yin R, Zhu P, Zhu L, Zheng C . The Effects of Storage Time and Repeated Freeze-Thaw Cycles on Intact Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 Levels. Biopreserv Biobank. 2020; 19(1):48-52. DOI: 10.1089/bio.2020.0073. View

19.

Shah S, Shah K, Patel S, Patel F, Osman M, Velagapudi P . Elevated D-Dimer Levels Are Associated With Increased Risk of Mortality in Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cardiol Rev. 2020; 28(6):295-302. PMC: 7437424. DOI: 10.1097/CRD.0000000000000330. View

20.

Grankvist K, Gomez R, Nybo M, Lima-Oliveira G, von Meyer A . Preanalytical aspects on short- and long-term storage of serum and plasma. Diagnosis (Berl). 2018; 6(1):51-56. DOI: 10.1515/dx-2018-0037. View