Enhancing Orthodontic Renewal and Retention Techniques: A Systematic Review

Overview

Journal Cureus

Specialty Biomedical Engineering

Date 2024 Apr 25

PMID 38659711

Authors

Nawaf H Al Shammary

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Orthodontists have a variety of options available for retainers. Research in Orthodontics focuses on assessing outcomes important to clinicians; however, there is inconsistency in how these outcomes are selected and evaluated. This review sought to assess the effects of different orthodontic retainers on patients' quality of life (QoL). Various approaches were employed in this systematic review, and a thorough search was conducted across six databases. The review involved a comprehensive evaluation of six included studies, highlighting changes in dental structure post-treatment, emphasizing the role of extraction procedures and the quality of debonding in improving retention. The study identified key outcomes for orthodontic clinical trials, highlighting orthodontists' preferences for specific retainer types. Moreover, it discussed the impact of sociocultural influences on retention care. Involving patients actively in discussions about whether to end or extend the retention phase was deemed essential. Noteworthy improvements in occlusal outcomes were linked to extraction treatments. Gender and malocclusion severity influenced QoL before and after orthodontic treatment. The degree of improvement observed in the Class III malocclusion group was comparatively lower than that in the Class I and Class II groups. Orthodontic treatment was found to yield favorable psychological outcomes, as evidenced by notable enhancements in self-esteem and social engagement among individuals. Fixed appliances were shown to negatively affect oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), particularly for those with aesthetic and functional concerns. A consensus has been reached on the essential themes and outcomes that should be incorporated in clinical trials related to orthodontic retention for non-cleft and non-surgical cases.

References

Patel N, Hodges S, Hall M, Benson P, Marshman Z, Cunningham S . Development of the Malocclusion Impact Questionnaire (MIQ) to measure the oral health-related quality of life of young people with malocclusion: part 1 - qualitative inquiry. J Orthod. 2016; 43(1):7-13. PMC: 4867848. DOI: 10.1080/14653125.2015.1114712. View

Hung M, Su S, Hon E, Tilley E, MacDonald A, Lauren E . Examination of orthodontic expenditures and trends in the United States from 1996 to 2016: disparities across demographics and insurance payers. BMC Oral Health. 2021; 21(1):268. PMC: 8130155. DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01629-6. View

Tsichlaki A, OBrien K . Do orthodontic research outcomes reflect patient values? A systematic review of randomized controlled trials involving children. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2014; 146(3):279-85. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2014.05.022. View

Mansor N, Saub R, Othman S . Changes in the oral health-related quality of life 24 h following insertion of fixed orthodontic appliances. J Orthod Sci. 2014; 1(4):98-102. PMC: 4072365. DOI: 10.4103/2278-0203.105880. View

Gargon E, Gorst S, Williamson P . Choosing important health outcomes for comparative effectiveness research: 5th annual update to a systematic review of core outcome sets for research. PLoS One. 2019; 14(12):e0225980. PMC: 6907830. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225980. View

Forde K, Storey M, Littlewood S, Scott P, Luther F, Kang J . Bonded versus vacuum-formed retainers: a randomized controlled trial. Part 1: stability, retainer survival, and patient satisfaction outcomes after 12 months. Eur J Orthod. 2017; 40(4):387-398. DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjx058. View

Zheng D, Wang X, Su Y, Zhao S, Xu C, Kong C . Assessing changes in quality of life using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) in patients with different classifications of malocclusion during comprehensive orthodontic treatment. BMC Oral Health. 2015; 15:148. PMC: 4654828. DOI: 10.1186/s12903-015-0130-7. View

Williamson P, Altman D, Bagley H, Barnes K, Blazeby J, Brookes S . The COMET Handbook: version 1.0. Trials. 2017; 18(Suppl 3):280. PMC: 5499094. DOI: 10.1186/s13063-017-1978-4. View

Mandall N, Millett D, Mattick C, Hickman J, Macfarlane T, Worthington H . Adhesives for fixed orthodontic brackets. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003; (2):CD002282. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002282. View

10.

Pandis N, Fleming P, Worthington H, Dwan K, Salanti G . Discrepancies in Outcome Reporting Exist Between Protocols and Published Oral Health Cochrane Systematic Reviews. PLoS One. 2015; 10(9):e0137667. PMC: 4569349. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137667. View

11.

Zhou Y, Zheng M, Lin J, Wang Y, Ni Z . Self-ligating brackets and their impact on oral health-related quality of life in Chinese adolescence patients: a longitudinal prospective study. ScientificWorldJournal. 2014; 2014:352031. PMC: 4151365. DOI: 10.1155/2014/352031. View

12.

Kenny K, Day P, Sharif M, Parashos P, Lauridsen E, Feldens C . What are the important outcomes in traumatic dental injuries? An international approach to the development of a core outcome set. Dent Traumatol. 2017; 34(1):4-11. DOI: 10.1111/edt.12367. View

13.

Littlewood S, Millett D, Doubleday B, Bearn D, Worthington H . Orthodontic retention: a systematic review. J Orthod. 2006; 33(3):205-12. DOI: 10.1179/146531205225021624. View

14.

Al-Moghrabi D, Johal A, ORourke N, Donos N, Pandis N, Gonzales-Marin C . Effects of fixed vs removable orthodontic retainers on stability and periodontal health: 4-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2018; 154(2):167-174.e1. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2018.01.007. View

15.

Grewal H, Sapawat P, Modi P, Aggarwal S . Psychological impact of orthodontic treatment on quality of life - A longitudinal study. Int Orthod. 2019; 17(2):269-276. DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2019.03.009. View

16.

Bolla E, Cozzani M, Doldo T, Fontana M . Failure evaluation after a 6-year retention period: a comparison between glass fiber-reinforced (GFR) and multistranded bonded retainers. Int Orthod. 2012; 10(1):16-28. DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2011.12.005. View

17.

Papageorgiou S, Xavier G, Cobourne M . Basic study design influences the results of orthodontic clinical investigations. J Clin Epidemiol. 2015; 68(12):1512-22. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.03.008. View

18.

Angst C, Eliades T, Papageorgiou S . Stability of occlusal outcome during long-term retention: the time-dependent variation of the American Board of Orthodontics index. Eur J Orthod. 2020; 43(1):1-7. DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjaa004. View

19.

Ferreira M, Goursand D, Bendo C, Ramos-Jorge M, Pordeus I, Martins Paiva S . Agreement between adolescents' and their mothers' reports of oral health-related quality of life. Braz Oral Res. 2012; 26(2):112-8. DOI: 10.1590/s1806-83242012000200005. View

20.

Fleming P, Seehra J, Polychronopoulou A, Fedorowicz Z, Pandis N . Cochrane and non-Cochrane systematic reviews in leading orthodontic journals: a quality paradigm?. Eur J Orthod. 2012; 35(2):244-8. DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjs016. View