Gut Microbiota and Their Derivatives in the Progression of Colorectal Cancer: Mechanisms of Action, Genome and Epigenome Contributions

Overview

Journal Heliyon

Specialty Social Sciences

Date 2024 Apr 24

PMID 38655310

Authors

Awais Ahmad

Nasir Mahmood

Muhammad Ahtisham Raza

Zarina Mushtaq

Farhan Saeed

Muhammad Afzaal

Muzzamal Hussain

Hafiz Wasiqe Amjad

Hashim Mohammad Al-Awadi

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Gut microbiota interacts with host epithelial cells and regulates many physiological functions such as genetics, epigenetics, metabolism of nutrients, and immune functions. Dietary factors may also be involved in the etiology of colorectal cancer (CRC), especially when an unhealthy diet is consumed with excess calorie intake and bad practices like smoking or consuming a great deal of alcohol. Bacteria including (ETBF), and () actively participate in the carcinogenesis of CRC. Gastrointestinal tract with chronic inflammation and immunocompromised patients are at high risk for CRC progression. Further, the gut microbiota is also involved in Geno-toxicity by producing toxins like colibactin and cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) which cause damage to double-stranded DNA. Specific microRNAs can act as either tumor suppressors or oncogenes depending on the cellular environment in which they are expressed. The current review mainly highlights the role of gut microbiota in CRC, the mechanisms of several factors in carcinogenesis, and the role of particular microbes in colorectal neoplasia.

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