Genetic Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Modifies the Association Between Lifestyle and Glycemic Health at 5 Years Postpartum Among High-risk Women

Overview

Journal BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care

Specialty Endocrinology

Date 2024 Apr 17

PMID 38631819

Authors

Sim Tieu

Saila Koivusalo

Jari Lahti

Elina Engberg

Hannele Laivuori

Emilia Huvinen

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Introduction: Lifestyle interventions are effective in preventing type 2 diabetes, but genetic background may influence the individual response. In the Finnish gestational diabetes prevention study, RADIEL, lifestyle intervention during pregnancy and first postpartum year was effective in preventing gestational diabetes (GDM) and postpartum glycemic abnormalities only among women at highest genetic risk of type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to assess whether still 5 years postpartum the genetic risk modifies the association between lifestyle and glycemic health.

Research Design And Methods: The RADIEL study (randomized controlled trial) aimed to prevent GDM with a lifestyle intervention among high-risk women (body mass index ≥30 kg/m and/or prior GDM). The follow-up study 5 years postpartum included anthropometric measurements, laboratory assessments, device-measured physical activity (PA), and questionnaires. A Healthy Lifestyle Score (HLS) indicated adherence to lifestyle goals (PA, diet, smoking) and a polygenic risk score (PRS) based on 50 type 2 diabetes risk alleles depicted the genetic risk.

Results: Altogether 314 women provided genetic and glycemic data 5 years postpartum. The PRS for type 2 diabetes was not associated with glycemic abnormalities, nor was HLS in the total study sample. There was, however, an interaction between HLS and type 2 diabetes PRS on glycemic abnormalities (p=0.03). When assessing the association between HLS and glycemic abnormalities in PRS tertiles, HLS was associated with reduced risk of glycemic abnormalities only among women at the highest genetic risk (p=0.008).

Conclusions: These results extend our previous findings from pregnancy and first postpartum year demonstrating that still at 5 years postpartum, healthy lifestyle is associated with a lower risk of prediabetes/diabetes only among women at the highest genetic risk of type 2 diabetes.

Citing Articles

Prenatal Physical Activity, Pre-Pregnancy BMI, and Their Relationship with Gestational Diabetes: A Retrospective-Prospective Single-Center Study.

Kiljan M, Szablewska A Nutrients. 2025; 17(5).

PMID: 40077656 PMC: 11901483. DOI: 10.3390/nu17050786.

Pathway Polygenic Risk Scores (pPRS) for the Analysis of Gene-environment Interaction.

Gauderman W, Fu Y, Queme B, Kawaguchi E, Wang Y, Morrison J bioRxiv. 2025; .

PMID: 39763728 PMC: 11702571. DOI: 10.1101/2024.12.16.628610.

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