Genomic Landscape and Clinical Features of Advanced Thyroid Carcinoma: A National Database Study in Japan

Overview

Journal J Clin Endocrinol Metab

Publisher Oxford University Press

Specialty Endocrinology

Date 2024 Apr 17

PMID 38630010

Authors

Soji Toda

Yukihiko Hiroshima

Hiroyuki Iwasaki

Katsuhiko Masudo

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Context: The relationship between the genomic profile and prognosis of advanced thyroid carcinoma requiring drug therapy has not been reported.

Objective: To evaluate the treatment period and overall survival time for each genetic alteration in advanced thyroid carcinoma that requires drug therapy.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study using a national database in Japan, which included 552 cases of thyroid carcinoma out of 53 543 patients in the database.

Results: The database included anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (23.6%), poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (10.0%), and differentiated thyroid carcinoma (66.4%). The most common genetic abnormalities were TERT promoter (66.3%), BRAF (56.7%), and TP53 (32.2%). The typical driver genes were BRAF V600E (55.0%), RAS (18.5%), RET fusion (4.7%), NTRK fusion (1.6%), and ALK fusion (0.4%). The most common regimen was lenvatinib, and the time to treatment failure was not different despite the presence of BRAF or RAS mutations. In differentiated thyroid carcinoma and poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma, TP53 alterations independently predicted worse overall survival (hazard ratio = 2.205, 95% confidence interval: 1.135-4.283). In anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, no genetic alterations were associated with overall survival.

Conclusion: Genetic abnormalities with treatment options were found in 62.7% of advanced thyroid carcinomas. TP53 abnormality was an independent poor prognostic factor for overall survival in differentiated thyroid carcinoma. The time to treatment failure for lenvatinib was not different based on genetic profile.

Citing Articles

Recent Trends and Potential of Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer.

Sekihara K, Himuro H, Toda S, Saito N, Hirayama R, Suganuma N Biomedicines. 2024; 12(6).

PMID: 38927493 PMC: 11201408. DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061286.

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