Guillain-Barre Syndrome: An Autoimmune Disorder Post-COVID-19 Vaccination?

Overview

Journal Clin Immunol Commun

Specialty Allergy & Immunology

Date 2024 Apr 15

PMID 38620684

Authors

Zafran Khan

Ubaid Ahmad

Daniya Ualiyeva

Obed Boadi Amissah

Asaf Khan

Zohaib Noor

Nasib Zaman

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 causes Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious condition that can present none or one or more of these symptoms: fever, cough, headache, sore throat, loss of taste and smell, aches, fatigue and musculoskeletal pain. For the prevention of COVID-19, there are vaccines available including those developed by Pfizer, Moderna, Sinovac, Janssen, and AstraZeneca. Recent evidence has shown that some COVID-19-vaccinated individuals can occasionally develop as a potential side effect Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), a severe neurological autoimmune condition in which the immune response against the peripheral nerve system (PNS) can result in significant morbidity. GBS had been linked previously to several viral or bacterial infections, and the finding of GBS after vaccination with certain COVID-19, while rare, should alert medical practitioners for an early diagnosis and targeted treatment. Here we review five cases of GBS that developed in different countries after COVID-19 vaccination.

Citing Articles

Heterotopic ossification Post-Guillain-Barre syndrome in Saudi Arabia: a case report.

Aldhilan M, Alshahrani A Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2024; 86(9):5509-5512.

PMID: 39238987 PMC: 11374238. DOI: 10.1097/MS9.0000000000002312.

Considerations on COVID-19 vaccination.

La Cava A Clin Immunol Commun. 2023; 3:77-78.

PMID: 38014398 PMC: 10256588. DOI: 10.1016/j.clicom.2023.06.003.

Safety of COVID-19 Vaccines: Spotlight on Neurological Complications.

Tondo G, Virgilio E, Naldi A, Bianchi A, Comi C Life (Basel). 2022; 12(9).

PMID: 36143376 PMC: 9502976. DOI: 10.3390/life12091338.

Clinical and Molecular Characterization of a Rare Case of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine-Associated Myositis.

Magen E, Mukherjee S, Bhattacharya M, Detroja R, Merzon E, Blum I Vaccines (Basel). 2022; 10(7).

PMID: 35891299 PMC: 9324661. DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071135.

References

Chiba A, Kusunoki S, Shimizu T, Kanazawa I . Serum IgG antibody to ganglioside GQ1b is a possible marker of Miller Fisher syndrome. Ann Neurol. 1992; 31(6):677-9. DOI: 10.1002/ana.410310619. View

Khatoon F, Prasad K, Kumar V . COVID-19 associated nervous system manifestations. Sleep Med. 2021; 91:231-236. PMC: 8267101. DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.07.005. View

Decaro N, Lorusso A . Novel human coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): A lesson from animal coronaviruses. Vet Microbiol. 2020; 244:108693. PMC: 7195271. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108693. View

Kyriakidis N, Lopez-Cortes A, Gonzalez E, Grimaldos A, Prado E . SARS-CoV-2 vaccines strategies: a comprehensive review of phase 3 candidates. NPJ Vaccines. 2021; 6(1):28. PMC: 7900244. DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00292-w. View

Lin J, Hsia S, Wang H, Lyu R, Chou M, Hung P . Clinical variants of Guillain-Barré syndrome in children. Pediatr Neurol. 2012; 47(2):91-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2012.05.011. View

Ehsanifar M . Airborne aerosols particles and COVID-19 transition. Environ Res. 2021; 200:111752. PMC: 8295061. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111752. View

Tam C, OBrien S, Petersen I, Islam A, Hayward A, Rodrigues L . Guillain-Barré syndrome and preceding infection with campylobacter, influenza and Epstein-Barr virus in the general practice research database. PLoS One. 2007; 2(4):e344. PMC: 1828628. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000344. View

Khan Z, Ualiyeva D, Khan A, Zaman N, Sapkota S, Khan A . A Correlation among the COVID-19 Spread, Particulate Matters, and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2: A Review. J Environ Public Health. 2021; 2021:5524098. PMC: 8114882. DOI: 10.1155/2021/5524098. View

Chen Y, Liu Q, Guo D . Emerging coronaviruses: Genome structure, replication, and pathogenesis. J Med Virol. 2020; 92(4):418-423. PMC: 7167049. DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25681. View

10.

Baloch S, Baloch M, Zheng T, Pei X . The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2020; 250(4):271-278. DOI: 10.1620/tjem.250.271. View

11.

Alessandro L, Pastor Rueda J, Wilken M, Querol L, Marrodan M, Acosta J . Differences between acute-onset chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy in adult patients. J Peripher Nerv Syst. 2018; 23(3):154-158. DOI: 10.1111/jns.12266. View

12.

Wielanek A, Monredon J, Amrani M, Roger J, Serveaux J . Guillain-Barré syndrome complicating a Chikungunya virus infection. Neurology. 2007; 69(22):2105-7. DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000277267.07220.88. View

13.

Willison H, Jacobs B, van Doorn P . Guillain-Barré syndrome. Lancet. 2016; 388(10045):717-27. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00339-1. View

14.

Elibol E . Otolaryngological symptoms in COVID-19. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2020; 278(4):1233-1236. PMC: 7461752. DOI: 10.1007/s00405-020-06319-7. View

15.

Wei N, Fishman M, Wattenberg D, Gordon M, Lebwohl M . "COVID arm": A reaction to the Moderna vaccine. JAAD Case Rep. 2021; 10:92-95. PMC: 7959672. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2021.02.014. View

16.

Kamihiro N, Higashigawa M, Yamamoto T, Yoshino A, Sakata K, Nashida Y . Acute motor-sensory axonal Guillain-Barré syndrome with unilateral facial nerve paralysis after rotavirus gastroenteritis in a 2-year-old boy. J Infect Chemother. 2011; 18(1):119-23. DOI: 10.1007/s10156-011-0300-8. View

17.

Roncati L, Corsi L . Nucleoside-modified messenger RNA COVID-19 vaccine platform. J Med Virol. 2021; 93(7):4054-4057. DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26924. View

18.

Jiang S, Xia S, Ying T, Lu L . A novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) causing pneumonia-associated respiratory syndrome. Cell Mol Immunol. 2020; 17(5):554. PMC: 7091741. DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-0372-4. View

19.

Allen C, Ramsamy S, Tarr A, Tighe P, Irving W, Tanasescu R . Guillain-Barré Syndrome Variant Occurring after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination. Ann Neurol. 2021; 90(2):315-318. DOI: 10.1002/ana.26144. View

20.

Kim J, Eygeris Y, Gupta M, Sahay G . Self-assembled mRNA vaccines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2021; 170:83-112. PMC: 7837307. DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.12.014. View