Types of Epiglottic Collapse in Breathing Sleep Disorder and Their Impact in Clinical Practice

Overview

Journal Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol

Publisher Thieme

Specialty Otorhinolaryngology

Date 2024 Apr 15

PMID 38618588

Authors

Elvie Zulka Kautzia Rachmawati

Susyana Tamin

Fauziah Fardizza

Rahmanofa Yunizaf

Fikri Mirza Putranto

Niken Ageng Rizki

Retno S Wardani

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a severe form of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) that is strongly correlated with comorbidities, in which epiglottic collapse (EC) and other contributing factors are involved. To evaluate the occurrence of EC in OSA patients through drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) and to determine the factors contributing to EC. A retrospective study of 37 adult patients using medical history. Patients were assessed for laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) and lingual tonsil hypertrophy (LTH) using reflux symptom index and reflux finding score (RFS); for OSA using polysomnography, and for airway collapse through DISE. An independent -test was performed to evaluate risk factors, including the involvement of three other airway structures. Most EC patients exhibited trap door epiglottic collapse (TDEC) (56.8%) or pushed epiglottic collapse (PEC) (29.7%). Lingual tonsil hypertrophy, RFS, and respiratory effort-related arousal (RERA) were associated with epiglottic subtypes. Laryngopharyngeal reflux patients confirmed by RFS (t(25) = -1.32, = 0.197) tended to suffer PEC; LTH was significantly associated (X2(1) = 2.5, = 0.012) with PEC (odds ratio [OR] value = 44) in grades II and III LTH patients; 11 of 16 TDEC patients had grade I LTH. Pushed epiglottic collapse was more prevalent among multilevel airway obstruction patients. A single additional collapse site was found only in TDEC patients. Laryngopharyngeal reflux causes repetitive acid stress toward lingual tonsils causing LTH, resulting in PEC with grade II or III LTH. Trap door epiglottic collapse requires one additional structural collapse, while at least two additional collapse sites were necessary to develop PEC. Respiratory effort-related arousal values may indicate EC.

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