Development and Validation of a Context-sensitive Positive Health Questionnaire (CPHQ): A Factor Analysis and Multivariate Regression Study

Overview

Journal J Patient Rep Outcomes

Specialty Health Services

Date 2024 Apr 12

PMID 38607610

Authors

Brian M Doornenbal

Tim van Zutphen

Lise F E Beumeler

Rimke C Vos

Mark Derks

Hinke Haisma

M Elske van den Akker-van Marle

Jessica C Kiefte-de Jong

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: The concept of Positive Health (PH) has gained increasing attention as a way of measuring individuals' ability to adapt in the face of contextual challenges. However, a suitable measurement instrument for PH that encompasses contextual factors has not yet been developed. This paper responds to this need by developing a Context-specific Positive Health (CPH) measurement instrument that aligns with the Capability Approach (CA).

Methods: The measurement instrument was developed and tested among a representative sample of 1002 Dutch internet survey panel members with diverse sociodemographic backgrounds. The instrument was developed in two stages: a preparation phase consisting of focus groups and expert consultations, and a validation among a representative panel of Dutch citizens. The goal of the preparation phase, was to pilot test and refine previously proposed Positive Health questionnaires into an initial version of the CPHQ. The validation phase aimed to examine the initial CPHQ's factorial validity using Factor Analysis, and its concurrent validity using Multivariate Regression Analysis.

Results: The developed questionnaire demonstrated adequate factorial and concurrent validity. Furthermore, it explicitly includes an assessment of resilience, this being a key component of PH.

Conclusions: The introduced measurement tool, the CPHQ, comprises 11 dimensions that we have labeled as follows: relaxation, autonomy, fitness, perceived environmental safety, exclusion, social support, financial resources, political representation, health literacy, resilience, and enjoyment. In this article, we present four major contributions. Firstly, we embedded the measurement in a theoretical framework. Secondly, we focused the questionnaire on a key concept of Positive Health - the "ability to adapt." Thirdly, we addressed issues of health inequality by considering contextual factors. Finally, we facilitated the development of more understandable measurement items.

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