Exploring Ethnic and Racial Differences in Intraocular Pressure and Glaucoma: The Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging

Overview

Journal Heliyon

Specialty Social Sciences

Date 2024 Apr 8

PMID 38586381

Authors

Alyssa Grant

Marie-Helene Roy-Gagnon

Joseph Bastasic

Akshay Talekar

Garfield Miller

Gisele Li

Ellen E Freeman

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Purpose: To determine whether self-reported race/ethnicity is associated with intraocular pressure (IOP) and glaucoma and to explore whether any associations are due to social, behavioral, genetic, or health differences.

Design: Cross-sectional analysis of population-based data.

Methods: We used the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging Comprehensive Cohort, which consists of 30,097 adults aged 45-85 years. Race/ethnicity was self-reported. Corneal-compensated intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured in mmHg using the Reichert Ocular Response Analyzer. Participants were asked to report if they have ever had a diagnosis of glaucoma and whether they used eye care in the past year. A glaucoma polygenic risk score (PRS) was calculated. Logistic and linear regression models were used.

Results: Black individuals had higher mean IOP levels (beta coefficient (β) = 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.62, 2.30) while Chinese, Japanese and Korean (β = -1.00; 95% CI, -1.63, -0.38) and Southeast Asian and Filipino individuals (β = -1.56; 95% CI, -2.68, -0.43) had lower mean IOP levels as compared to White individuals after adjustment for sociodemographic, behavioral, genetic, and health-related variables. Black people were more likely to report glaucoma as compared to White people after adjustment (odds ratio [OR] = 2.43; 95% CI, 1.27, 4.64).

Conclusion: Racial and ethnic differences in IOP and glaucoma were identified. Adjusting for sociodemographic, behavioral, genetic, and health-related variables did not fully explain these differences. Longitudinal research is needed to further explore the reasons for these differences and to understand their relevance to disease pathogenesis and progression.

Citing Articles

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Ramon-Campillo A, Bueno-Gimeno I, Gene-Morales J, Jimenez-Martinez P, Caballero-Luna O, Gene-Sampedro A J Clin Med. 2024; 13(21).

PMID: 39518694 PMC: 11546469. DOI: 10.3390/jcm13216554.

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