Neurophotonics Beyond the Surface: Unmasking the Brain's Complexity Exploiting Optical Scattering

Overview

Journal ArXiv

Date 2024 Apr 2

PMID 38562443

Authors

Fei Xia

Caio Vaz Rimoli

Walther Akemann

Cathie Ventalon

Laurent Bourdieu

Sylvain Gigan

Hilton B de Aguiar

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The intricate nature of the brain necessitates the application of advanced probing techniques to comprehensively study and understand its working mechanisms. Neurophotonics offers minimally invasive methods to probe the brain using optics at cellular and even molecular levels. However, multiple challenges persist, especially concerning imaging depth, field of view, speed, and biocompatibility. A major hindrance to solving these challenges in optics is the scattering nature of the brain. This perspective highlights the potential of complex media optics, a specialized area of study focused on light propagation in materials with intricate heterogeneous optical properties, in advancing and improving neuronal readouts for structural imaging and optical recordings of neuronal activity. Key strategies include wavefront shaping techniques and computational imaging and sensing techniques that exploit scattering properties for enhanced performance. We discuss the potential merger of the two fields as well as potential challenges and perspectives toward longer term applications.

References

Akbari N, Rebec M, Xia F, Xu C . Imaging deeper than the transport mean free path with multiphoton microscopy. Biomed Opt Express. 2022; 13(1):452-463. PMC: 8803047. DOI: 10.1364/BOE.444696. View

Hao X, Antonello J, Allgeyer E, Bewersdorf J, Booth M . Aberrations in 4Pi Microscopy. Opt Express. 2017; 25(13):14049-14058. PMC: 5557328. DOI: 10.1364/OE.25.014049. View

Bandettini P . What's new in neuroimaging methods?. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2009; 1156:260-93. PMC: 2716071. DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04420.x. View

Villringer A, Chance B . Non-invasive optical spectroscopy and imaging of human brain function. Trends Neurosci. 1997; 20(10):435-42. DOI: 10.1016/s0166-2236(97)01132-6. View

Ji N, Milkie D, Betzig E . Adaptive optics via pupil segmentation for high-resolution imaging in biological tissues. Nat Methods. 2009; 7(2):141-7. DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.1411. View

Turcotte R, Schmidt C, Booth M, Emptage N . Volumetric two-photon fluorescence imaging of live neurons using a multimode optical fiber. Opt Lett. 2020; 45(24):6599-6602. DOI: 10.1364/OL.409464. View

Villette V, Chavarha M, Dimov I, Bradley J, Pradhan L, Mathieu B . Ultrafast Two-Photon Imaging of a High-Gain Voltage Indicator in Awake Behaving Mice. Cell. 2019; 179(7):1590-1608.e23. PMC: 6941988. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.11.004. View

Sivankutty S, Andresen E, Cossart R, Bouwmans G, Monneret S, Rigneault H . Ultra-thin rigid endoscope: two-photon imaging through a graded-index multi-mode fiber. Opt Express. 2016; 24(2):825-41. DOI: 10.1364/OE.24.000825. View

Kwon Y, Hong J, Kang S, Lee H, Jo Y, Kim K . Computational conjugate adaptive optics microscopy for longitudinal through-skull imaging of cortical myelin. Nat Commun. 2023; 14(1):105. PMC: 9823103. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35738-9. View

10.

Sunkin S, Ng L, Lau C, Dolbeare T, Gilbert T, Thompson C . Allen Brain Atlas: an integrated spatio-temporal portal for exploring the central nervous system. Nucleic Acids Res. 2012; 41(Database issue):D996-D1008. PMC: 3531093. DOI: 10.1093/nar/gks1042. View

11.

Zheng C, Park J, Yildirim M, Boivin J, Xue Y, Sur M . De-scattering with Excitation Patterning enables rapid wide-field imaging through scattering media. Sci Adv. 2021; 7(28). PMC: 8262816. DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay5496. View

12.

Ji N, Sato T, Betzig E . Characterization and adaptive optical correction of aberrations during in vivo imaging in the mouse cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011; 109(1):22-7. PMC: 3252919. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1109202108. View

13.

Klioutchnikov A, Wallace D, Frosz M, Zeltner R, Sawinski J, Pawlak V . Three-photon head-mounted microscope for imaging deep cortical layers in freely moving rats. Nat Methods. 2020; 17(5):509-513. DOI: 10.1038/s41592-020-0817-9. View

14.

Soldevila F, Moretti C, Nobauer T, Sarafraz H, Vaziri A, Gigan S . Functional imaging through scattering medium via fluorescence speckle demixing and localization. Opt Express. 2023; 31(13):21107-21117. PMC: 10316750. DOI: 10.1364/OE.487768. View

15.

Schwertner M, Booth M, Neil M, Wilson T . Measurement of specimen-induced aberrations of biological samples using phase stepping interferometry. J Microsc. 2003; 213(1):11-9. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2004.01267.x. View

16.

Sinefeld D, Xia F, Wang M, Wang T, Wu C, Yang X . Three-Photon Adaptive Optics for Mouse Brain Imaging. Front Neurosci. 2022; 16:880859. PMC: 9185169. DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.880859. View

17.

Platisa J, Ye X, Ahrens A, Liu C, Chen I, Davison I . High-speed low-light in vivo two-photon voltage imaging of large neuronal populations. Nat Methods. 2023; 20(7):1095-1103. PMC: 10894646. DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-01820-3. View

18.

Gong Y, Huang C, Li J, Grewe B, Zhang Y, Eismann S . High-speed recording of neural spikes in awake mice and flies with a fluorescent voltage sensor. Science. 2015; 350(6266):1361-6. PMC: 4904846. DOI: 10.1126/science.aab0810. View

19.

Klioutchnikov A, Wallace D, Sawinski J, Voit K, Groemping Y, Kerr J . A three-photon head-mounted microscope for imaging all layers of visual cortex in freely moving mice. Nat Methods. 2022; 20(4):610-616. PMC: 10089923. DOI: 10.1038/s41592-022-01688-9. View

20.

Grewe B, Helmchen F . Optical probing of neuronal ensemble activity. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2009; 19(5):520-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2009.09.003. View