Knowns and Unknowns of TiLV-associated Neuronal Disease

Overview

Journal Virulence

Specialty Microbiology

Date 2024 Mar 31

PMID 38555518

Authors

Japhette E Kembou-Ringert

Fortune N Hotio

Dieter Steinhagen

Kim D Thompson

Win Surachetpong

Krzysztof Rakus

Janet M Daly

Niluka Goonawardane

Mikolaj Adamek

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV) is associated with pathological changes in the brain of infected fish, but the mechanisms driving the virus's neuropathogenesis remain poorly characterized. TiLV establishes a persistent infection in the brain of infected fish even when the virus is no longer detectable in the peripheral organs, rendering therapeutic interventions and disease management challenging. Moreover, the persistence of the virus in the brain may pose a risk for viral reinfection and spread and contribute to ongoing tissue damage and neuroinflammatory processes. In this review, we explore TiLV-associated neurological disease. We discuss the possible mechanism(s) used by TiLV to enter the central nervous system (CNS) and examine TiLV-induced neuroinflammation and brain immune responses. Lastly, we discuss future research questions and knowledge gaps to be addressed to significantly advance this field.

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