Antioxidant Enzymes in Cancer Cells: Their Role in Photodynamic Therapy Resistance and Potential As Targets for Improved Treatment Outcomes

Overview

Journal Int J Mol Sci

Publisher MDPI

Specialties Biochemistry
Chemistry
Molecular Biology

Date 2024 Mar 28

PMID 38542138

Authors

Wachirawit Udomsak

Malgorzata Kucinska

Julia Pospieszna

Hanna Dams-Kozlowska

Waranya Chatuphonprasert

Marek Murias

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a selective tumor treatment that consists of a photosensitive compound-a photosensitizer (PS), oxygen, and visible light. Although each component has no cytotoxic properties, their simultaneous use initiates photodynamic reactions (PDRs) and sequentially generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or free radicals as cytotoxic mediators, leading to PDT-induced cell death. Nevertheless, tumor cells develop various cytoprotective mechanisms against PDT, particularly the adaptive mechanism of antioxidant status. This review integrates an in-depth analysis of the cytoprotective mechanism of detoxifying ROS enzymes that interfere with PDT-induced cell death, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione redox cycle, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Furthermore, this review includes the use of antioxidant enzymes inhibitors as a strategy in order to diminish the antioxidant activities of tumor cells and to improve the effectiveness of PDT. Conclusively, PDT is an effective tumor treatment of which its effectiveness can be improved when combined with a specific antioxidant inhibitor.

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