Drug-Induced Anaphylaxis in Children

Overview

Journal Biomedicines

Specialty Biomedical Engineering

Date 2024 Mar 28

PMID 38540140

Authors

Annamaria Bianchi

Rocco Valluzzi

Giuseppe Crisafulli

Paolo Bottau

Silvia Caimmi

Fabrizio Franceschini

Lucia Liotti

Francesca Mori

Sara Riscassi

Francesca Saretta

Sara Scavone

Carlo Caffarelli

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Drug-induced anaphylaxis in children is less common than in adults and primarily involves beta-lactams and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Epidemiological studies show variable prevalence, influenced by age, gender, and atopic diseases. The pathophysiology includes IgE-mediated reactions and non-IgE mechanisms, like cytokine release reactions. We address drug-induced anaphylaxis in children, focusing on antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, neuromuscular blocking agents, and monoclonal antibodies. Diagnosis combines clinical criteria with in vitro, in vivo, and drug provocation tests. The immediate management of acute anaphylaxis primarily involves the use of adrenaline, coupled with long-term strategies, such as allergen avoidance and patient education. Desensitization protocols are crucial for children allergic to essential medications, particularly antibiotics and chemotherapy agents.

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