Quantum Nonlocality: How Does Nature Do It?

In his article in Science, Nicolas Gisin claimed that quantum correlations emerge from outside space-time. We explainthat they are due to space-time symmetries. This paper is a critical review of metaphysical conclusions found in many recent articles. It advocates the importance of , Einstein -causality and global symmetries. Bell tests allow only rejecting probabilistic coupling provided by a local hidden variable model, but they do not justify metaphysical speculations about quantum nonlocality and objects which know about each other's state, even when separated by large distances. The violation of Bell inequalities in physics and in cognitive science can be explained using the notion of Bohr- . If contextual variables, describing varying experimental contexts, are correctly incorporated into a probabilistic model, then the Bell-CHSH inequalities cannot be proven and nonlocal correlations may be explained in an intuitive way. We also elucidate the meaning of assumption incorrectly called , . Since correlation does not imply causation, the violation of should be called ; it does not restrict the experimenter's freedom of choice. Therefore, contrary to what is believed, closing the does not close the