Sp. Nov.: Unraveling a Critical Evolutionary Link in East Asian from Central China Integrating Morphology, Phylogeny, and Plastid Genomics

Introduction: L., representing the largest genus within the mint family, is noted for its global distribution of approximately 1000 species, with East Asia, and particularly China, recognized as a critical center of diversity for the genus.

Methods: Our research was conducted through extensive fieldwork in Guidong County, Hunan Province, China, where we identified a previously undescribed species of . The identification process involved detailed morphological observations, phylogenetic analyses, and plastid genomics.

Results: The newly discovered species, , exhibits unique characteristics not commonly observed in the East Asian lineage of Salvia, including dual floral colors within natural populations-either pale purple or pale yellow. Morphologically, while it shares similarities with members of sect. , is distinct in its floral morphology, stature, and specific foliar traits. Phylogenetic analysis places in a unique clade within the East Asian lineage of , suggesting it may serve as an important evolutionary link. Additionally, we explored the plastome features of , comparing them with those of closely related species.

Discussion: The discovery of not only entriches the taxonomic tapestry of but also provides critical insights into the biogeography and evolutionary pathways of the genus in East Asia. By integrating morphological and molecular data, we validate the novel status of and highlight its significance in bridging taxonomic and evolutionary gaps within Sect. of .