Evaluation of the Prognostic Value of Pretherapeutic Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Predicting Soft Tissue Sarcoma Radiation Response: A Retrospective Study from a Large Institutional Sarcoma Imaging Database

RT-induced hyalinization/fibrosis was recently evidenced as a significant independent predictor for complete response to neoadjuvant radiotherapy (RT) and survival in patients with soft tissue sarcoma (STS). Non-invasive predictive markers of histologic response after neoadjuvant RT of STS are expected. From May 2010 to April 2017, patients with a diagnosis of STS who underwent neoadjuvant RT for limb STS were retrieved from a single center prospective clinical imaging database. Tumor Apparent Diffusion Coefficients (ADC) and areas under the time-intensity perfusion curve (AUC) were compared with the histologic necrosis ratio, fibrosis, and cellularity in post-surgical specimens. We retrieved 29 patients. The median ADC value was 134.3 × 10 mm/s. ADC values positively correlated with the post-treatment tumor necrosis ratio ( = 0.013). Median ADC values were lower in patients with less than 50% necrosis and higher in those with more than 50% (120.3 × 10 mm/s and 202.0 × 10 mm/s, respectively ( = 0.020). ADC values higher than 161 × 10 mm/s presented a 95% sensitivity and a 55% specificity for the identification of tumors with more than 50% tumor necrosis ratio. Tumor-to-muscle AUC ratios were associated with histologic fibrosis ( = 0.036). ADC and perfusion AUC correlated, respectively, with radiation-induced tumor necrosis and fibrosis.